<p>Green Pastures is a historic Victorian home housing a restaurant of the same name in south Austin, Texas neighborhood of Bouldin Creek. Completed in 1895 by local minister E.W. Herndon, the house sat on 23 acre bordering a wooded area to the south. It was home to a number of families over the years. The Green Pastures restaurant opened in the building in 1946, serving a range of comfort food, and was notable for serving to customers of all races, 18 years before other establishments in Austin were desegregated by law.</p><br>
<p>The building is located at 811 W Live Oak Avenue. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Location for the 1988 comedy Heartbreak Hotel (film) and childhood residence of the activist, author and radio show host John Henry Faulk.</p><br>
<p>Green Pastures Restaurant was established by Mary Faulk Koock and husband Chester Koock. Mary wrote historical collection of recipes The Texas Cookbook with the help of the author James Beard.</p><br>
<p>The grounds have been noted for decades for its beautiful peafowl.</p><br>
<p>The Muscoot Reservoir is a reservoir in northern Westchester County, New York located directly north of the village of Katonah. Part of the New York City Watershed System, it is 25 miles  north of the City, which it supplies with drinking water. It was constructed at the beginning of the 19th century by impounding the Muscoot River, a tributary of the Croton River, in turn a tributary of the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir was once much smaller, but the other side of the original dam was intentionally flooded to make the reservoir bigger, when a new dam was built downstream. The original dam is still standing, and divides the reservoir in two.</p><br>
<p>During construction, the New York Central Railroad moved Bridge L-158 from the Rondout Creek near Kingston to carry its Mahopac Branch across a section of the reservoir near Goldens Bridge. It remains today even though service on the branch ended in 1960. In 1978 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the only remaining double-intersection Whipple truss railroad bridge in the state.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir was completed in 1905 and serves as the main collecting point for all the reservoirs in the Croton Watershed (except for the New Croton Reservoir, which later receives its water). It is almost 8 miles (almost 13 km) long, can hold up to 4.9 e9USgal of water at full capacity, and has a 76 square mile (121.6 km²) drainage basin.</p><br>
<p>Water from the Muscoot Reservoir flows down the balance of the Muscoot River, then enters the Croton River to flow into the New Croton Reservoir. From there it enters the New Croton Aqueduct and flows south into the Jerome Park Reservoir in The Bronx. It continues on to Manhattan, where it mixes with water from the Catskill Aqueduct, into Brooklyn, then ends in Staten Island at the aqueduct&#39;s termination.</p><br>
<p>Deep Water Bay is a bay and residential area on the southern shore of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. The bay is surrounded by Shouson Hill, Brick Hill, Violet Hill and Middle Island. As per Forbes , with 19 of the city&#39;s richest billionaires, it is reputed to be the "wealthiest neighborhood on earth".</p><br>
<p>Beneath the hill of Violet Hill is a beach, Deep Water Bay Beach. The bay is reachable by Island Road, a road connecting Repulse Bay and Wong Chuk Hang.</p><br>
<p>Deep Water Bay is the landing point for SEA-ME-WE 3, TGN-IA and TVH submarine telecommunications cables.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bay is mentioned on an early colonial map of Hong Kong 1845.</p><br>
<h2>Deep Water Bay Beach</h2><br>
<p>Less known to tourists than the adjacent Repulse Bay, Deep Water Bay Beach is nonetheless very popular among local people. Seaview Promenade, on the east side of Deep Water Bay, connects it with Repulse Bay, the path allows joggers and walkers alike to exercise alongside the seashore while admiring the stunning sea view, while Mills & Chung Path connects Deep Water Bay with Wong Chuk Hang on the west side.</p><br>
<p>Changing rooms, shower facilities and barbecue pits are available under the management of the Leisure and Cultural Services Department.</p><br>
<p>There were two restaurants, Copacabana and Coco Thai, closed as of April 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Deep Water Bay residential Area</h2><br>
<p>Deep water bay is among the most exclusive residential areas of Hong Kong as per Forbes and Forbes Life. 19 of the city’s richest billionaires live here, with a net aggregate worth of $123 billion (as of August 2015). Its residents include property, casino, shipping and oil tycoons including Li Ka Shing, Chen Yu Tong, Joseph Lau, Robert Kuok and Lui Che Woo. All of the Kwok brothers live here and so does the e-commerce tycoon Joseph Tsai.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>Deep Water Bay Valley was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Buses No. 6, 6A or 260 from Central&#39;s Exchange Square go to Deep Water Bay.</p><br>
<p>Also NWFB 65, Citybus routes 73 and 973, and green minibuses 40 and 52.</p><br>
<p>Cagua Volcano is a stratovolcano located in the Philippine province of Cagayan. It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines and has erupted twice in recorded history. Its last eruption was in 1907.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cagua is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines located in the province of Cagayan in the Cagayan Valley Region of northern Luzon in the northernmost part of the Sierra Madre mountain range. The mountain is approximately 12 km south of Gonzaga, Cagayan and 14 km south of Port Irene in Santa Ana, Cagayan.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Activity of the early Pleistocene erupted basaltic andesite or effusive basalt. The volcano was covered by enormous lava flows from 600,000 to 300,000 years ago. It has seen activity ranging from phreatic eruptions to ash flows. The volcano is topped by a 1.5 km wide crater marked by sharp and precipitous walls.</p><br>
<p>It has six hot springs. Maasok near the crater; Marafil in the northwest; Manaring, 5 km north-northeast; San Jose, 10 km north-northeast; Kabinlangan, 3 km northwest and Paminta, 2 km north-northwest.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptive activity</h2><br>
<p>Two historical eruptions have taken place at the volcano. Activity in 1860 was a largely phreatic eruption though it was possibly followed by a pyroclastic flow. Renewed eruptions took place in 1907.</p><br>
<p>Wanda Beach or Wanda is the northernmost patrolled beach on Bate Bay in Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia. Green Hills or Green Hills Ridge is the name given to the sand hills, just north of Wanda.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wanda is an Aboriginal word for beach or sand hills.</p><br>
<p>The beach became notorious in 1965 after the Wanda Beach Murders.</p><br>
<p>The original inhabitants of the land were the Gweagal Aborigines who were a clan of the Tharawal (or Dharawal) tribe of Indigenous Australians. They are the traditional custodians of the southern geographic areas of Sydney.</p><br>
<h2>Wanda Surf Lifesaving Club</h2><br>
<p>The Wanda Surf Lifesaving Club was established in 1946 after World War II by a group of men who banded together, as they did in warfare, to patrol the beaches. The colours of Army red, Air Force blue, and Navy blue were adopted as the club colours. The club, located on Marine Esplanade, has grown in size to its current membership of over 900 male and female members, ranging in age from five-year-old Nippers to the original Founding Members.</p><br>
<p>The primary objective of the club is to patrol the beach in an effort to ensure the safety of the surfing public but it is also actively involved in the competition arena, with excellent performances at State and National Competitions. A number of social activities are organised throughout the year to bring together members from all sections of the club.</p><br>
<h2>Wanda Beach Gallery</h2><br>
<p>Mission San Luis de Apalachee  was a Spanish Franciscan mission built in 1633 in the Florida Panhandle, two miles west of the present-day Florida Capitol Building in Tallahassee, Florida. It was located in the descendent settlement of Anhaica  capital of Apalachee Province. The mission was part of Spain&#39;s effort to colonize the Florida Peninsula and to convert the Timucuan and Apalachee Indians to Christianity. The mission lasted until 1704 when it was evacuated and destroyed to prevent its use by an approaching militia of Creek Indians and South Carolinians.</p><br>
<p>The site where the mission stood was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Apalachee Province was one of the most powerful and wealthy chiefdoms or provinces in Florida and the Apalachee were the most advanced native peoples in Florida surpassing the Timucua, Potano, Tocobaga, and Calusa. The Apalachee were part of the Mississippian culture of mound builders and had well-established administrative and religious systems.</p><br>
<h2>First contact</h2><br>
<p>In 1528, Pánfilo de Narváez is the first recorded European presence in Apalachee setting up camp south of Anhaica near present day St. Marks. In 1539, Hernando de Soto wintered at Anhaica (in present-day Tallahassee) celebrating the first Christmas in the North America. In 1607, some Apalachee Indians requested friars and the first ones visited in 1608. In 1612 the Apalachees made a formal request for a mission but the Spanish did not oblige. In 1625 Apalachees began to send food supplies overland to St. Augustine, the major point of Spanish control over shipping and defense of La Florida. The Spanish, however, needed the densely populated and extremely fertile Apalachee Province to provide labor and provisions for St. Augustine.</p><br>
<p>In 1633, Pedro Muñoz and Francisco Martínez launched a formal mission effort in Apalachee Province. In 1638 the first of 3 or 4 soldiers came to Apalachee Province to explore for ports and purchase foodstuffs for the governor. No evidence has been discovered indicating a fort or garrison was built then.</p><br>
<h2>Spanish rule</h2><br>
<p>From 1645 to 1651 soldiers lived at Asile Hacienda on Apalachee Province&#39;s eastern border. The soldiers and deputy governor were both removed late in 1651 and did not return until mid-1654 under a new governor.</p><br>
<p>In 1656, Spanish authorities decided to establish their western capital on one of the region’s highest hilltops for strategic purposes. San Luis was described by Spanish military authorities as extending for miles and being completely indefensible. The inhabitants of old San Luis moved to the present site at the request of the Spaniards. The garrison was expanded to 12 and San Luiss chief promised to build a substantial blockhouse for them. Under pressure from other Apalachee, San Luiss chief said that 6 soldiers would suffice. Although the governor planned for further expansion of the garrison and building a regular fort, Apalachee opposition to the project stalled it for well over a generation. The blockhouse at San Luis was described in 1675 as a "fortified country house." From 1656 to 1680 the size of the garrison varied between 12, 19, and 25 men.</p><br>
<p>The Apalachee men and women were excellent agriculturists and provided much of the food for San Luis as well as for export to such places as St. Augustine and Havana.</p><br>
<p>The first deputy governor, Claudio Luis de Florencia, arrived in 1645. Luis de Florencia lived with his extended family at old San Luis. Nothing is known about the nature of his residence. By 1675 more than 1,400 Spaniards and Apalachee lived under the jurisdiction of San Luis. There were very few Spanish women creating a situation where the Spanish soldiers frequently married Indian women as a means to Christianize the native population and make them more "civilized." While the size of most other Apalachee missions declined sharply over the years, the population of San Luis increased.</p><br>
<h3>Buildings</h3><br>
<p>The buildings at San Luis included Spanish and Apalachee residential areas, the Franciscan Church and Spanish fort, as well as the native Council House, which was one of the largest historic Indian structures in the southeastern United States at the time holding 2,000–3,000 people.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1680s, the blockhouse was pulled down and replaced with a temporary makeshift barracks. The garrison was then expanded to 40 men, and sometimes even more for special expeditions.</p><br>
<p>In 1688, San Marcos de Apalache at St. Marks was also built from lumber cut at San Luis, but it was left to rot when the skilled laborers were diverted to construct a fort in Apalachicola country in 1689. This fort was staffed by 20 soldiers and 20 Apalachee warriors.</p><br>
<p>From 1695–1697 San Luis&#39;s new blockhouse was built. In mid-April 1696, the governor reported that it was completed except for one-third of the roof. Work was then suspended because of the spring planting.</p><br>
<p>In 1698, San Luis Apalachees were seriously alienated when Spaniards commandeered some of their houses and land; Spaniards also took lumber intended for church repairs and forced Indians to build houses for them.</p><br>
<p>In October 1702, an attempt to turn the blockhouse into a proper fort began after the defeat of a Spanish-Apalachee force on the Flint River. The fort would have a palisade and parapets, as well as a dry moat. It was apparently completed in 1703 despite the impact of a severe epidemic. At the end of July 1704, following a devastating series of raids by English and Creek raiders, the diminished Spanish garrison destroyed the fort and withdrew to St. Augustine.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 1996, Renker Eich Parks Architects, of St. Petersburg, Florida, with Herchel Sheperd, FAIA, undertook designing the reconstruction of many of the buildings in the mission using archeological and historical evidence to conjecture the architecture of the buildings to how they would originally have been built. The buildings that have since been reconstructed include the Church, the Convento, the Council House, the Chief&#39;s House, the Fort and Blockhouse, and a typical Spanish House as well as many minor features around the site.</p><br>
<p>Étang de Thau  or Bassin de Thau is the largest of a string of lagoons  that stretch along the French coast from the Rhône River to the foothills of the Pyrenees and the border to Spain in the Languedoc-Roussillon. Although it has a high salinity, it is considered the second largest lake in France.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is about 21 km long and 8 km wide, with an area of 7,012 hectares. The mean depth of the lagoon is 4.5m, but in the central navigation channel it can be 10 metres deep. Near Bouzigues there is a 100-metre diameter depression of 30 metres. This Fosse de la Vise is the source of a hot spring that feeds the spa in Balaruc.</p><br>
<p>Its size and depth, which distinguish it from other lagoons of the region, is explained by the geomorphology of the region: it is the anticline formed from folding which produced the corresponding syncline of the Gardiole in the north east.</p><br>
<p>Until relatively recently the lagoons from Marseillan to the Rhône were a continuous stretch of inland waterway. Early settlers described this as une petite mer intérieure et tranquille. It provided access to, in particular, Marseillan - a fishing village that became a trade centre.</p><br>
<p>Linked, now, by the Canal du Rhône à Sète to the river Rhône and by the Canal du Midi to Bordeaux via Toulouse, the lagoon also has access to the Mediterranean at Sète. There is also a small canal le canal des Allemands or the pisse-saume that links the western end to the sea at Marseillan Plage. This canal is only suitable for small craft since both road and railway bridges restrict height.</p><br>
<p>To the east, between Balaruc and Sète, the borders of the lagoon are largely industrial. The south bank is formed by the coastal strip from Sète to Cap d&#39;Agde. The northern side has villages dedicated to fishing and the production of shellfish. There are harbours in the towns of Marseillan, Mèze and Bouzigues, with smaller ports dedicated to shellfish on the northern shore.</p><br>
<p>There is significant variation in the rainfall in the catchment basin for the lagoon, both seasonally and between years. The annual precipitation can range from 200 to 1,000 mm per year. As a result, the water temperature and salinity have extensive ranges. Water temperature ranges from 3 °C to 29 °C, with salinities of 27 psu to 40 psu. The salinity changes during the year with lows from February to June and peaks in July to January.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>Located between the towns of Sète and Marseillan in the Hérault département, the Étang de Thau is shared administratively by the communes of (running clockwise): Balaruc-le-Vieux, Balaruc-les-Bains, Frontignan, Sète, Marseillan, Mèze, Loupian and Bouzigues.</p><br>
<h2>Economy and natural resources</h2><br>
<p>As the lagoon is open to the sea, it has fish such as the gilt-head bream (dorade), Argyrosomus regius (a croaker) and sea bass. The lagoon produces approximately 200 kg/ha/year of fish. Eighteen varieties of shellfish are taken from the lagoon - the most important being oysters. 750 producers farm 2,750 oyster tables and take some 13,000 tonnes annually. This provides for about 8.5% of France&#39;s consumption. Oysters from the Étang de Thau are marketed under the name huîtres de Bouzigues (Bouzigues Oysters) after the village of Bouzigues where oyster production started. They are a flat variety. Fixed with cement to ropes, the young oysters are immersed in the water until they reach a size suitable for consumption. Thau water is graded A and so shellfish can be caught and consumed within minutes. In addition to oysters, some 3,000 tonnes of mussels are produced every year.</p><br>
<p>Apart from fishing and shellfish, the Étang de Thau provides income through tourism, particularly via sailing schools.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The Bassin de Thau provides a habitat for a variety of wild animals, notably birds such as herons and pink flamingos and a rich marine fauna, including bivalves (oysters and mussels), jellyfish, fish, and algae. Periodically in the spring and summer, the Thau Lagoon has algae blooms of Alexandrium catenella which sometimes reach such high levels that it results in contamination of the lagoon&#39;s bivalves with algae toxins.</p><br>
<p>Thaumeze.JPGMèze harbour</p><br>
<p>Bouzigues Parcs Moules.jpgOyster production at Bouzigues</p><br>
<p>Thauflambouz.JPGFlamingos near Bouzigues</p><br>
<p>Thau Aigrette.jpgA bird in the banks of the Etang de Thau</p><br>
<p>Leuchtturm Canal du Midi-Etang de Thau-DSC 0262w.jpgLighthouse Phare des Onglous at mouth of Canal du Midi into Étang de Thau</p><br>
<p>The Vũng Rô Bay Incident refers to the discovery of a 100-ton North Vietnamese naval trawler attempting to unload supplies and munitions on a beach in South Vietnam&#39;s Vũng Rô Bay on 16 February 1965. The incident spurred further United States Navy involvement in the Vietnam War.</p><br>
<h2>Incident</h2><br>
<p>On 16 February 1965, 1st Lt. James S. Bowers, a United States Army officer flying a MEDEVAC helicopter along the coast of central South Vietnam spotted a naval trawler camouflaged with trees and bushes perpendicular to the shore. Cargo was being unloaded and stacked on the beach at Vung Ro, an isolated bay on the rocky coast. The pilot immediately radioed his sighting to Lieutenant Commander Harvey P. Rodgers, the Senior Advisor to the South Vietnamese 2nd Coastal District headquartered in Nha Trang, who in turn notified the coastal district commander, Lieutenant Commander Ho Van Ky Thoai.</p><br>
<p>Commander Ho confirmed that no friendly troops were in the vicinity and dispatched Republic of Vietnam Air Force A-1 Skyraiders to the bay where they capsized and sank the trawler. Additional air strikes pummeled the stores on the beach the next day, but it was not until 1100 hours on the 19th that the South Vietnamese escort Chi Lang II (HQ 08), medium landing ship Tien Giang (HQ 405), and submarine chaser Tuy Dong (HQ 04) were able to overcome command indecision and enemy small arms fire from entrenched Viet Cong machine gunners to land their embarked troops and naval commandos. The commandos used shotguns to sweep the defending Viet Cong fighters from their concrete bunkers</p><br>
<p>What the soldiers and naval commandos, the latter accompanied by their United States Navy advisor, Lieutenant Franklin W. Anderson, discovered in the wrecked ship and piled up on shore ended a long-running debate among American military and intelligence officials. The allies recovered from the 130-foot North Vietnamese trawler and from shore sites 100 tons of Soviet and Chinese-made war material, including 3,500 to 4,000 rifles and submachine guns, one million rounds of small arms ammunition, 1,500 grenades, 2,000 mortar rounds, and 500 pounds of explosives.</p><br>
<p>For years many American analysts had suspected that the Communists were using the sea to supply their forces in the South, but it was not until the Vung Ro event that they gained positive proof of such actions. The United States Seventh Fleet commander, Vice Admiral Paul Blackburn, observed that the Vung Ro find was "proof positive". Blackburn and General William Westmoreland called for a major U.S.-Vietnamese anti-infiltration patrol operation.</p><br>
<p>The Ballyhoura Mountains (An Sliabh Riabhach are located in south-east County Limerick and north-east County Cork in central Munster, running east and west for about 6 miles on the borders of both counties.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The southern part of the hills is largely afforested with conifers, on the northern side there is extensive heathland and blanket bog. The mountains include Seefin (528m, 1702 ft), near Seefin on the northwest is Black Rock (516m, 1696 ft) and 3 miles to the west is Carron Mountain (c.440m, 1469 ft) on the boundary of Cork and Limerick. Immediately east of Seefin is Knockea (1311 ft), east of which again is the detached mountain of Knockeennamroanta (1319 ft). Between these is the pass of Barnaderg, now called Redchair, leading from the plain of Limerick to the plain of Cork. At the north side of the valley is the peak of Barnageeha (1196 ft).</p><br>
<p>The Ballyhoura Mountain Bike Park situated near under Seefin and Blackrock is the largest Trail network of its kind in Ireland. The trails range from the moderate 6 kilometre Greenwood loop to the demanding 50 kilometre Castlepook loop The nearest towns and villages to the Trailhead are Ardpatrick, Glenosheen, Ballyorgan and Kilfinane.</p><br>
<p>Fayette County Reservoir is a power station cooling reservoir on Cedar Creek in the Colorado River basin, 3 miles west of Fayetteville, Texas and 10 miles east of La Grange, Texas. The reservoir was created in 1978 when a dam was built on the creek to provide a cooling pond for the Fayette Power Project which provides electrical generation to Fayette County and surrounding areas. The dam, lake, and power plant are managed by the Lower Colorado River Authority. The lake is also used for recreational purposes, especially fishing.</p><br>
<p>Fayette County Reservoir is also known as Lake Fayette.</p><br>
<h2>Fish and plant populations</h2><br>
<p>Fayette County Reservoir has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Fayette County Reservoir include catfish, largemouth bass, and sunfish.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>Boating and fishing are both popular recreational uses of the lake. There is also a playground, a 3 mile trail connecting Oak Thicket Park and Park Prairie Park, and a nature trail in Oak Thicket Park.</p><br>
<p>Lake Fayette used to be the site of a small town called Biegel which was famous for its pickles. Outlines of houses may be visible on fish finders.</p><br>
<p>Lake Bryan is a power plant cooling reservoir in Brazos County, 5 mi northwest of Bryan, Texas, United States. The dam and lake are managed by Bryan Texas Utilities which uses the reservoir as a cooling pond for the electrical generators in the Dansby Power Plant. The reservoir was officially impounded in 1974. Lake Bryan is a popular recreational destination. The census-designated place of Lake Bryan consists of residential neighborhoods around the lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Bryan is designated on some maps as Bryan Utilities Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Fish populations</h2><br>
<p>Lake Bryan has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Lake Bryan include largemouth bass, catfish, crappie, tilapia, carp and sunfish.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>Boating and fishing are very popular. Lake Bryan is also home to the Texas A&M University Rowing, Wakeboarding, Sailing, and Cycling teams, as well as the Sailing Club. The rowing team and the sailing team compete regionally and nationally in their respective organizations. The bike trails surrounding the lake are maintained by the Brazos Valley Mountain Bike Association.</p><br>
<p>Mount Nyenchen Tanglha  is the highest peak of Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains, which together with the Gangdise range forms the Transhimalaya.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Mount Nyenchen Tanglha is located in the western part of the range on the watershed between the Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra River) to the south and the endorheic basins of the Changtang to the north. In particular, it lies to the south of Namtso Lake. It belongs to Damxung County in the Prefecture of Lhasa of Tibet.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology</h2><br>
<p>In Tibetan mythology Nyenchen Tanglha is considered the most influential deity in a large part of northern Tibet.</p><br>
<p>In his mortal form he is shown riding a white horse, wearing a satin dress and holding a horse whip in one hand and a Buddhist rosary in the other.</p><br>
<p>He is considered to be a bodhisattva on the eighth level, and is a protector of the teachings of the Nyingma tradition.</p><br>
<p>Nyenchen Tanglha is the subject of many fairy tales and folklore.</p><br>
<h2>The three main summits of Nyenchen Tanglha</h2><br>
<p>With an elevation of 7,162m, Nyenchen Tanglha is the highest mountain of the Transhimalayan range. It has a topographic prominence of 2,239m and its parent mountain is Gurla Mandhata located 890 km east. Key saddle is at 4,923m (30°2557"N 81°3728"E) near the spring of Yarlung Tsangpo River (Brahamaputra).</p><br>
<p>Nyenchen Tanglha has three main summits above 7,000m, located on a northwest-southeast ridge. All three main summits were climbed between 1986 and 1995.</p><br>
<p>Stillhouse Hollow Lake is a USA Army Corps of Engineers reservoir on the Lampasas River in the Brazos River basin, 5 miles  southwest of Belton, Texas, United States. Stillhouse Hollow Dam and the reservoir are both managed by the Fort Worth District of the USA Army Corps of Engineers. The reservoir was officially impounded in 1968, and serves to provide flood control for the communities downstream. The lake also functions as a water supply for several of the surrounding communities. Stillhouse Hollow Lake is a popular recreational destination.</p><br>
<p>Stillhouse Hollow Lake is also commonly known as Stillhouse Hollow Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Due to the extraordinary drought condition in Central Texas, Stillhouse Hollow experienced the lowest ever recorded lake level in 2011, significantly exceeding its prior minimum of 610 ft set in 1989. At the close of 2011, the level of the lake stood at just over 605 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Fish populations</h2><br>
<p>Stillhouse Hollow Lake has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Stillhouse Hollow Lake include largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, white bass, catfish, and crappie.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>In addition to maintaining the dam that creates the reservoir, the USA Army Corps of Engineers maintains recreational facilities at the lake. Dana Peak Park and Union Grove Park are both developed US Army Corps of Engineers parks open to the public. Boating and fishing are very popular.</p><br>
<p>Proctor Lake is a USA Army Corps of Engineers reservoir along the Leon River located in Comanche County in the USA state of Texas. Around 3 miles  west of Proctor, Texas, USA. Proctor Lake Dam and the reservoir are managed by the Fort Worth District of the USA Army Corps of Engineers. The reservoir was officially impounded in 1963, and serves to provide flood control and drinking water for the communities downstream. Proctor Lake is a popular recreational destination.</p><br>
<p>Proctor Lake is also known as Proctor Reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Fish populations</h2><br>
<p>Proctor Lake has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Proctor Lake include largemouth bass, hybrid striped bass, catfish, and white crappie.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>In addition to maintaining the dam that creates the reservoir, the USA Army Corps of Engineers maintains recreational facilities at the lake, including Copperas Creek Park, Sowell Creek Park, Promontory Park, and High Point Park. Camping, boating, and fishing are very popular.</p><br>
<p>The New Croton reservoir is a narrow reservoir in Westchester County, New York, lying approximately 22 mi north of New York City, for which the reservoir supplies water. It is the collecting point for water from all reservoirs in the Croton Watershed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original reservoir was called Croton Lake, and was New York City&#39;s first source of water not located in the city itself. The reservoir was created in 1842 by damming the Croton River, a tributary of the Hudson River. Around the turn of the 20th century, the City of New York enlarged the reservoir by constructing the New Croton Dam to supply the city with more water. The new enlarged reservoir, completed in 1905, is one of the bigger of the small reservoirs, and is the largest reservoir in the Croton Watershed. It is approximately 9 mi long, and it can hold 19 e9USgal of water at full capacity. A small part of its water comes from rain on its own drainage basin that covers 57 square miles (148 km²) of land.</p><br>
<p>The drinking water from the reservoir flows into the New Croton aqueduct while about three-quarters of the way through the reservoir. From there it goes to the city, and enters the Jerome Park Reservoir in The Bronx. It then continues to flow through the rest of the city until the water from the New Croton Aqueduct mixes with water from the Catskill aqueduct in Manhattan. It finally continues through the NYC boroughs of Brooklyn and Staten Island, which are the termini of the distribution system.</p><br>
<p>The Richard and Jane Manoogian Mackinac Art Museum is an art museum located in the historic Indian Dormitory building on Mackinac Island, Michigan. The museum&#39;s exhibits feature art inspired by Mackinac Island, including historic painting and maps, photographs from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century, Native American art and beaded garments, and contemporary art and photography from area artists.</p><br>
<p>The museum is one of many attractions in Mackinac Island State Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Indian Dormitory is a Federal-style structure built at USA government expense on Mackinac Island, Michigan, in 1838. It was a pioneering idea in building housing for Native Americans visiting the Indian agency on the island. From 1867 until 1960, it was used as a public school, and from 1966 until 2003 as a museum of Native American culture. On July 2, 2010, it opened as the Richard and Jane Manoogian Mackinac Art Museum, operated by Mackinac State Historic Parks. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Henry Schoolcraft, Indian Agent</h3><br>
<p>The Indian Dormitory is a surviving fragment of the assimilationist vision of Henry Schoolcraft, the USA government official supervising Native American affairs and based at Mackinac Island. Schoolcraft noticed in the early 19th century that the culture of most Native Americans centered on the hunting and gathering of food, activities which were less productive in terms of food production than agriculture.</p><br>
<p>Schoolcraft believed that Native Americans could be persuaded to cede much of their hunting lands to the USA federal government, and that the government could reinvest some of the proceeds to be earned from reselling these lands to teach farming techniques to the "Indians." Other income from land sales could be used to support Native American families during the transitional period.</p><br>
<p>As the Indian Agent in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and later on Mackinac Island, Schoolcraft had seen that many of the Native Americans who traveled by foot or canoe to visit his agency were limited by necessity to portable, temporary shelters they could easily build. These did not seem adequate from the European-American point of view.</p><br>
<h3>Treaty of Washington, 1836</h3><br>
<p>As the Mackinac Island Indian Agent, Schoolcraft was able to persuade many Native Americans of Michigan Territory, especially members of the Ojibwa and Ottawa tribes, to sell most of the northern Lower Peninsula and eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the federal government. The exchange was sealed in the 1836 Treaty of Washington.</p><br>
<p>In exchange for the vast tract of land sold, the federal government promised to pay an annuity to affected Native Americans, provide training in farming and allied crafts, such as blacksmithing, and build a dormitory structure on Mackinac Island to which recognized Native Americans with tribal standing could come for shelter when doing business on Mackinac Island with the Indian Agency.</p><br>
<p>In fulfillment of this promise, the Indian Dormitory was built in 1838.</p><br>
<h3>Island schoolhouse</h3><br>
<p>After the expiration of the annuity schedule laid out in the 1836 treaty, Native Americans stopped coming to Mackinac Island in large numbers. The Indian Dormitory ceased to be of service in its original function.</p><br>
<p>In 1867, the building was adapted as a public school for the children of Mackinac Island of all ethnic groups. Serving as a schoolhouse from 1867–1960, the Thomas W. Ferry School provided classroom space to one of the most ethnically diverse populations in Michigan.</p><br>
<p>By 1960, the wooden building could not meet the standards of school safety required by law. The school building, with its Schoolcraft heritage, had long been surrounded by Mackinac Island State Park property, and in 1963 it was purchased by the Park Commission.</p><br>
<h3>Building Restoration</h3><br>
<p>Although Henry R. Schoolcraft&#39;s role in American frontier history could be criticized by a later generation as racist, Schoolcraft had a strong interest in the Ojibwa religion, mythology, and culture. Schoolcraft energetically collected local Ojibwa stories and tales, many of which his mixed-race wife Jane Johnston Schoolcraft told him or translated for him. All of his books were published under his name, with little credit to her or her family.</p><br>
<p>The Massachusetts poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow studied Schoolcraft&#39;s works for themes and inspiration for his epic poem, The Song of Hiawatha. To Americans of European ancestry, this Romantic poem and its title character were authentic windows into the spiritual life of the "American Indian".</p><br>
<p>In homage to this poem and its sentimental view of Ojibwa culture, in 1964-1965 the Mackinac Island State Park renovated the interior of the Indian Dormitory to serve as a museum of Native American culture and Hiawatha imagery. The exterior was restored to its original 1838 appearance, and the structure was opened to the public in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Mackinac Island Art Museum</h2><br>
<p>From 1966 until 2003, the Indian Dormitory served as a museum featuring period settings depicting its service as the Indian Dormitory (1838–1846) on its lower levels, and offering an exhibit of Great Lakes Native American culture on the top floor. By the end of this period, the Hiawatha theme was reinterpreted as a classic example of cultural appropriation and, thus, was viewed as no longer appropriate for public use. Schoolcraft and Longfellow had synchretically mashed together images, names, and narratives from different Native American peoples and nations. In 2000 the second-floor exhibit space was closed, and in 2003 the State Park temporarily closed the structure.</p><br>
<p>After a study of its future use, the State Park announced plans in late 2008 to refit and reopen the Indian Dormitory as a museum featuring Straits of Mackinac art and culture. The interior was extensively rebuilt in 2008-2010 to add climate controls suitable for archival preservation of the collection on display. The museum opened on July 2, 2010 as the Richard and Jane Manoogian Mackinac Art Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Indian Dormitory has been named to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Pendarvis is a historic site located in Mineral Point, Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. The site, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is made up of several 19th century cabins built by Cornish immigrants who came to Mineral Point to mine lead. Today the site is owned by the Wisconsin Historical Society and serves as a museum of Wisconsin&#39;s early lead mining history.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the 1830s and 1840s, the area that today comprises southwest Wisconsin and northwest Illinois was rapidly populated as miners came from across the United States and Europe to work the regions abundant lead deposits. Several mining boomtowns sprang up in the region, including Galena, Illinois; Platteville, Wisconsin; and Mineral Point, the location of Pendarvis. During the height of the mining era, the population of Mineral Point rose to over 4,000 as people migrated to the city to work in the lead mines. Many of the immigrants who came to Mineral Point were tin miners from Cornwall, at the southwestern tip of Great Britain. Many of the Cornish immigrants built simple houses in the town using wood or limestone taken from the local landscape. As time went on, however, the lead mines were exhausted and many of the miners moved on to other mining sites, especially California following the discovery of gold at Sutters Mill in 1848. Other miners stayed in the area to mine zinc, which was also abundant, but by the early 20th century the zinc mines were also being abandoned.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s and 1930s, many of the old cabins built by the Cornish miners were being torn down. Seeing this, a local resident named Robert Neal, together with Edgar Hellum, began to acquire and restore several of the old Cornish buildings. Neal and Hellum also gave Cornish-language names to each of the buildings they restored. They called their first project, a 1-story stone cabin, Pendarvis. In order to support the restoration of other buildings, Pendarvis House was turned into a restaurant serving authentic Cornish dishes such as Cornish pasty. The Pendarvis House Restaurant received wide acclaim, and helped finance Neal and Hellum&#39;s restoration of even more historic Cornish homes in Mineral Point.</p><br>
<p>Following the restoration, the Pendarvis historic site included six cabins built by English and Cornish miners during the 1840s and 1850s. The Pendarvis house itself was built of locally quarried limestone and has walls that are 18 to 20 inches thick. Beside the Pendarvis house is the Trelawny, a 2-story cottage of similar construction. Nearby is Polperro, a -story house using stone for its first story and wood for its upper floors. Another Pendarvis building is the Rowhouse, which consists of three adjacent stone structures. The first house in the row was built as a free-standing building circa 1841. The second house was also built as a free-standing building circa 1844 or 1845. The final house, built between the other two houses and connecting to them, was built circa 1852.</p><br>
<p>The collection of buildings restored by Neal and Hellum was transferred to the Wisconsin Historical Society in 1970. A year later, they were opened to the public as the Pendarvis Historic Site. In addition to the cottages, the Wisconsin Historical Society acquired several acres of land on nearby Merry Christmas Mine Hill, the site of a historic zinc mine. Remnants of the mining activity are still visible, but much of the hill has been restored to natural prairie. Visitors to the site can explore the hill on a number of foot trails. The historic buildings are shown to the visiting public seasonally as a museum preserving the history of the region&#39;s mining industry and the lives of the miners who first developed the site. Many artifacts are on display in the buildings, including authentic mining tools and household items.</p><br>
<p>The Aare Gorge  is a section of the river Aare that carves through a limestone ridge near the town of Meiringen, in the Bernese Oberland region of Switzerland. The gorge is an indirect product of glaciation; 10,000 years ago, just as the Ice Age was coming to an end, torrential runoff water from melting glaciers eroded a deep, narrow chasm through the limestone barrier.</p><br>
<p>The gorge is a popular tourist attraction, many visitors attracted by the nearby Reichenbach Falls, which Sir Arthur Conan Doyle selected as the setting for Sherlock Holmes&#39; murder by Professor Moriarty.</p><br>
<p>Permission to build walking paths along the Gorge was granted in 1887, and the walkway has been open to the public since 1889. From 1912 until 1956, the Meiringen–Reichenbach–Aareschlucht tramway linked the gorge&#39;s western entrance to Meiringen; since 1946 the Meiringen-Innertkirchen railway has also served the same purpose. The restaurant and kiosk at the western entrance was first built in 1928 and reconstructed in 1987. In 2003 a station was built on the railway to serve the eastern entrance, along with a suspension bridge to link the station and entrance; a bistro and kiosk was added to this entrance in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The path through the gorge is accessed by entrances at each end of the gorge, where an admission charge is levied. For most of its length the path is a wooden construction on a metal frame cantilevered out from the wall of the gorge, with short stretches in tunnel. The entrances are each linked to stations on the Meiringen-Innertkirchen railway, with Aareschlucht West station at the western end of the gorge, and the underground Aareschlucht Ost station connecting to the eastern entrance.</p><br>
<p>Ardenwood Historic Farm is a Regional Historic Landmark in Fremont, California. It is managed by the East Bay Regional Park District.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Officially opened to the public on July 28, 1985, the entire park includes a farm, a large forest and a mansion now called the Patterson House which was first constructed in 1857 by the farm&#39;s original owner, George Washington Patterson.</p><br>
<p>Patterson called his estate "Ardenwood", after the forested area in England mentioned in Shakespeares play, As You Like It. There were two subsequent additions to the house. The largest was in 1889 when Patterson and his wife Clara added the Queen Anne Victorian section to the House. The second addition came in 1915 when Pattersons son Henry and his wife remodeled the old farm house section, and added rooms including the kitchen, a large bedroom above the kitchen, the sun porch, nursery, and a bathroom with indoor plumbing.</p><br>
<p>A feature of the park is the Railroad Museum at Ardenwood which operates a narrow gauge horse-drawn railway, a recreation of a historic local branch of the South Pacific Coast Railroad. The museum has a collection of narrow gauge railroad cars and other artifacts of 19th-century railroading. The museum is run by the Society for the Preservation of Carter Railroad Resources.</p><br>
<p>The park hosts many events, a Celtic festival, an Independence Day celebration, the Washington Township Railroad Fair on Labor Day, a Renaissance Faire in September, The Harvest Festival in October, a Zydeco concert, and many Halloween celebrations, complete with a haunted railroad. Among other crops, in the fall the farm harvests a large pumpkin patch.</p><br>
<h2>Historic area agricultural usage</h2><br>
<p>The Ardenwood Farm today is a working farm producing grain and vegetables. The local area was in agricultural usage beginning sometime in the 1850s. The Ardenwood Farm locale was characterized first for its use as grazing land and dairy production, and gradually became increasingly dedicated to wheat and vegetable production.</p><br>
<p>A review of available aerial photographs by Earth Metrics reveals that the area immediately to the south was used for agricultural purposes from at least 1960 until some time in the late 1970s cultivated with a grain crop. No discrete rows are visible in the aerial photographs of that time. The Alameda family was a prominent occupant in the area for much of the period of agricultural land use. Mel Alameda of The Alameda Company confirmed to Earth Metrics that while cauliflower has been the dominant historic crop for the area, hay and grazing were the primary use later and until the late 1970s. Based on the lack of visible rows on the aerial photos, it is most probable that the area to the south was used for hay production rather than cauliflower.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Praděd   is the highest mountain of Hrubý Jeseník mountains, Moravia, Czech Silesia and Upper Silesia and is fifth-highest mountain of Czech Republic.</p><br>
<p>The average annual temperature is about 1°C.</p><br>
<p>A television transmitter is situated on the top, 162 m high. The upper platform is used as a watchtower. The mountain is also a popular area for skiing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First building on the mountain was a stone watchtower, 32 m high. It was built between 1903 and 1912 by the Sudeten German tourist association. After 1945, the tourist association no longer existed because all Germans were expelled. Due to its unmaintained condition in communist Czechoslovakia, with water freezing in cracks breaking it up, the watchtower collapsed May 2, 1959 shortly before it was supposed to get fixed.</p><br>
<p>The Petrovy kameny (Peter’s stones) is a gneiss stone formation in the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range of the Czech Republic, near the peak. In the Middle Ages, people feared the place, believing witches lived there. The area is home to many rare plants, so it is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The transmitter was built between 1968 and 1983. A restaurant is located in the building and can be reached by a paved road. The High Tatras, Malá Fatra Mts. and Alps can be seen from the watchtower platform.</p><br>
<h2>1950 Air Accident</h2><br>
<p>On February 27, 1950 at 07:31 Československé státní aerolinie Douglas C-47A-15-DK on its way from Ostrava-Hrabůvka Airport to Prague Ruzyně International Airport crashed into the side of Praděd mountain, killing 3 crew and 3 passengers. 25 others, including 21 passengers and 4 crew survived the accident.</p><br>
<p>Monte Mario is the highest  hill in Rome, Italy. It lies around the northwest side of the city.</p><br>
<p>The hill was known as Mons Vaticanus or Clivus Cinnae during the ancient Roman period. The current name, according to some theories, comes from Mario Mellini, a cardinal who owned a villa and several hamlets around the hill in the 15th century. However, the hill was known as Monte Malo ("Bad Mountain") in the Middle Ages due to the murder here of patrician Giovanni Crescenzio (998), whence, it is presumed, the modern name.</p><br>
<p>The eastern part of the hill is a nature reserve, and on the west side lies the now upmarket district of the same name. Atop one hill is the church and convent of Santa Maria Rosario. On the hilltop, now occupying the site of the 15th century Villa Mellini, is the Monte Mario Observatory, part of the Rome Observatory, and the Museo Astronomico Copernicano. This location (12°27&#39;8.4"E ) was used as the prime meridian (rather than Greenwich) for maps of Italy until the 1960s. The side of the hill was the former site of the Villa Pigneto built by Pietro da Cortona. The ruins of the structure were razed in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The John Felice Rome Center, one of the four campuses of Loyola University Chicago, is located on the hill on Via Massimi.</p><br>
<p>Although it is the highest hill in the modern city of Rome, Monte Mario is not one of the proverbial Seven Hills of Rome, being outside the boundaries of the ancient city.</p><br>
<p>Kanlaon , also spelled as Kanla-on or sometimes Canlaon, is an active stratovolcano on the island of Negros, Philippines. It is the highest point in Negros, as well as the whole Visayas, with an elevation of 2,465 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The volcano straddles the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental, approximately 30 km southeast of Bacolod, the capital and most populous city of Negros Occidental and of the whole island region. It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines and part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.</p><br>
<h2>Physical features</h2><br>
<p>Kanlaon has a peak elevation of 2,465 m at its highest point, although it is 2,435 m in some sources, with a base diameter of 30 km and is dotted with pyroclastic cones and extinct craters lining to the north-northwest. Just below and north of the summit is the active Lugud crater. North of Lugud is a 2 by caldera known as Margaja Valley, with a small, often seasonal crater lake.</p><br>
<p>The volcano has three hot springs on its slopes: Mambukal Hot Springs on the northwest, Bucalan Hot Spring and Bungol Hot Spring. Its adjacent volcanic edifices are Mount Silay and Mount Mandalagan, north of Kanlaon.</p><br>
<p>Canlaon, the component city that has jurisdiction on the Negros Oriental side of the volcano, lies on its lower slope about 8.5 km ESE of the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking Destination and Trails</h2><br>
<p>The volcano is a favorite spot for mountain climbers and is the centerpiece of Mount Kanlaon Natural Park, a national park originally established on August 8, 1934.</p><br>
<p>The hiking trails usually start in the center of the Guintubdan village. Locals have been active in international cooperation working with several European institutions to introduce the pioneering Unified Hiking Marker System as the first inland tourist location in the Philippines. The system is unified across a number of countries. This makes the mountain more attractive for tourists in an ecologically responsible way.</p><br>
<h3>Trails & Hiking Markers System</h3><br>
<p>In 2016, first three hiking trails have been marked, with additional and more extensive trails added in 2017 from the center of the Guintubdan village including a trail to the top. The works have been implemented by the Mendel University, in cooperation with De La Salle University Bacolod and DENR. The project has been financed by the Embassy of the Czech Republic in Manila in the framework of Czech Aid Development program. Three color- coded trails using the colors of the Philippine flag were opened:</p><br>
<p>Red Trail from Guintubdan to Buslugan Falls (marked in 2016)</p><br>
<p>Yellow Trail from Guintubdan to Oro Falls (marked in 2016)</p><br>
<p>Blue Trail from Guintubdan to Salas Park new Pavillion (marked in 2016)</p><br>
<p>Red Trail from Guintubdan to Mt. Kanla-On Summit (marked in 2017)</p><br>
<p>Adventure Trail and additional new trails (marked in 2017)</p><br>
<h3>Hiking Markers Standard on Mt. Kanla-on</h3><br>
<p>Basic trail markers are square, 10x10 cm in size. The volunteers marking these trails usually prepare sheet metal or cardboard matrices to keep the signs uniform in size.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<p>The most active volcano in central Philippines, Kanlaon has erupted 28 times since 1819. Eruptions are typically phreatic of small-to-moderate size that produce minor ash falls around the volcano. In 1902, the eruption was classified as Strombolian, typified by the ejection of incandescent cinders, lapilli, lava bombs and gas fumes. Larger Vesuvian eruptions of this stratovolcano are relatively unknown and its history is not yet recorded and studied.</p><br>
<p>Volcanic activity at Kanlaon is continuously monitored by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the government&#39;s bureau that monitors the volcanoes and earthquakes in the nation, although unlike Mayon and Pinatubo, the volcano has never been studied in-depth and its age is not yet accurately calculated. Kanlaon Volcano Observatory is located at the campus of La Carlota City College in the barangay of Cubay, La Carlota City in Negros Occidental.</p><br>
<h3>1996 Kanlaon Incident</h3><br>
<p>On August 10 of 1996, 24 mountain climbers hiked at the volcano when Kanlaon erupted without warning, killing British student Julian Green and Filipinos Jamrain Tragico and Neil Perez, who were trapped near the summit close to the crater. The local authorities rescued 17 others, including 10 Belgians, another British climber and six Filipinos while Edwin Ematong, a member of the Negros Mountaineering Club Inc. and who, along with his cousin Neil Perez, guided the British Nationals survived this eruption. He descended the volcano ahead of his group that fateful day.</p><br>
<p>One of the rescued Belgians, Caroline Verlinde, said she and her group were about to leave a site near the crater rim when suddenly the volcano ejected ash, stones and hot gas. She ran to a tree for cover and saw her friends being hit by falling hot tephra. She said their Filipino guide told them the smoke billowing out from the crater "was just hard."</p><br>
<h2>Recent volcanic activity</h2><br>
<h3>2001</h3><br>
<p>PHIVOLCS noted in a 22 March report that since January 2001 earthquake clusters or occurrences have been recorded by the seismic monitoring network around the volcano. These earthquakes may signify a reactivation of the volcanic system at depth and could be a precursor to more vigorous activity, such as ash explosions. This interpretation is based on similar earthquake clusters manifested prior to the 10 August 1996 phreatic explosion from the active summit crater of the volcano. In view of the possibility of a sudden ash ejection, PHIVOLCS recommends the immediate suspension of all treks to the summit crater until further notice. As an additional precaution, the pre-defined 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) should be avoided at all times.</p><br>
<h3>2002</h3><br>
<p>An increase in seismic activity during February to April 2002 was followed by raising alert on the volcano. An ash eruption occurred on November 28, 2002.</p><br>
<h3>2003</h3><br>
<p>On March 17, 2003, a gray plume was observed above Kanlaon Volcano. Small eruptions produced plumes that rose 100 m above the crater of the volcano. A total of 46 minor ash ejections were recorded. After July 23, 2003, only weak emission was noted and seismic activity returned to normal.</p><br>
<h3>2005</h3><br>
<p>A brief phreatic ash eruption occurred at Canlaon volcano on 21 January 2005, producing a 500 m high ash plume. A fine layer of ash fell on the town of Cabagnaan 5.5 km SW of the crater.</p><br>
<p>Ash emissions began again on 20 March and caused minor ash fall in the town of Guintubdan 5 km W of the volcano. Until 4 April, occasional ash eruptions reached 1 km above the volcano, and small ash fall was reported in the towns of La Castellana (16 km SW of the crater), Upper Sag-ang, Yubo (5–6 km SW), and Guintubdan (5–6 km WNW). Ash eruptions stopped after 25 May 2005.</p><br>
<h3>2006</h3><br>
<p>On June 3, 2006, Kanlaon again exhibited restiveness and spewed steam and ash. Alert Level 1 was issued on June 12, 2006. Until 25 July, a total of 23 ash eruptions were reported. All eruptions were phreatic (i.e. no fresh magma was ejected), and ejected ash and steam up to 2 km above the crater.</p><br>
<p>No significant seismic activity had occurred before or after the ash emissions, indicating the explosions were near surface hydrothermal events.</p><br>
<h3>2008</h3><br>
<p>On February 10, 2008 PHIVOLCS issued an alert stating that the seismic network at Kanlaon Volcano recorded a total of 21 low frequency volcanic earthquakes (LFVQ) during the past 24 hours. Due to the increasing number of recorded volcanic earthquakes, PHIVOLCS raised Kanlaon Volcano’s alert status from Alert Level 0 to Alert Level 1, which means the volcano is at slightly elevated unrest and volcanic activity could lead to steam and ash ejections. A 4 km Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) was maintained around the volcano, as sudden explosions may occur without warning, but no eruptions occurred.</p><br>
<h3>2009</h3><br>
<p>In the 8 days from August 23 to September 1, 257 volcanic earthquakes were recorded. Usual seismic activity during quiet periods is 0 to 4 quakes in any 24-hour period. Epicenters of the recorded quakes were clustered at the north-west slope which may indicate movement of an active local fault at the slope induced by pressure beneath the volcano. Surface observations did not show any significant change in the steam emission from the crater. PHIVOLCS maintained the alert status at Level 0.</p><br>
<h3>2015</h3><br>
<p>On November 23, Kanlaon had a small, steam-driven explosion. PHIVOLCS raised the alert level to 1 (mild restiveness). On December 12, 2015, Kanlaon had two low energy ash eruption. The volcano is still in the state of unrest. The minor ash eruption of the volcano reached as high as 984 ft (300m). On December 27, 2015, an ash eruption occurred at Kanlaon&#39;s active crater. The eruption plume reached as high as 3281 ft (1000m). Light ashfall were reported in some barangays near Kanlaon Volcano.</p><br>
<p>On 2 January, people in Hinigaran got sick. Many suffered from a respiratory illness with cough and flu-like symptoms.</p><br>
<h3>2016</h3><br>
<p>In March 29 at 6:20 pm, Kanlaon erupted for 12 minutes which produced a volcanic plume 1500 meters above the crater and a "booming sound" was heard in some barangays near the volcano. According to the police department of Canlaon City, several fire balls, which were coming from the crater of the volcano, started to flow following a booming sound and causing a bush fire. PHIVOLCS issued alert level number 1. No casualties were reported.</p><br>
<p>The Tower House, 29 Melbury Road, is a late-Victorian townhouse in the Holland Park district of Kensington and Chelsea, London, built by the architect and designer William Burges as his home. Designed between 1875 and 1881, in the French Gothic Revival style, it was described by the architectural historian J. Mordaunt Crook as "the most complete example of a medieval secular interior produced by the Gothic Revival, and the last". The house is built of red brick, with Bath stone dressings and green roof slates from Cumbria, and has a distinctive cylindrical tower and conical roof. The ground floor contains a drawing room, a dining room and a library, while the first floor has two bedrooms and an armoury. Its exterior and the interior echo elements of Burges&#39;s earlier work, particularly the McConnochie House in Cardiff and Castell Coch. It was designated a Grade I listed building in 1949.</p><br>
<p>Burges bought the lease on the plot of land in 1875. The house was built by the Ashby Brothers, with interior decoration by members of Burgess long-standing team of craftsmen including Thomas Nicholls and Henry Stacy Marks. By 1878 the house was largely complete, although interior decoration and the designing of numerous items of furniture and metalwork continued until Burgess death in 1881. The house was inherited by his brother-in-law, Richard Popplewell Pullan. It was later sold to Colonel T. H. Minshall and then, in 1933, to Colonel E. R. B. Graham. The poet John Betjeman inherited the remaining lease in 1962 but did not extend it. Following a period when the house stood empty and suffered vandalism, it was purchased and restored, first by Lady Jane Turnbull, later by the actor Richard Harris and then by the musician Jimmy Page.</p><br>
<p>The house retains most of its internal structural decoration, but much of the furniture, fittings and contents that Burges designed has been dispersed. Many items, including the Great Bookcase, the Zodiac settle, the Golden Bed and the Red Bed, are now in institutions such as The Higgins Art Gallery & Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum, while others are in private collections.</p><br>
<h2>Location and setting</h2><br>
<p>The Tower House is on a corner of Melbury Road, just north of Kensington High Street, in the district of Holland Park. It stands opposite Stavordvale Lodge and next to Woodland House, built for the artist Luke Fildes. The development of Melbury Road in the grounds of Little Holland House created an art colony in Holland Park, the Holland Park Circle. Its most prominent member, Frederic, Lord Leighton, lived at Leighton House, 12 Holland Park Road, and at the time of Leighton&#39;s death in 1896 six Royal Academicians, as well as one associate member, were living in Holland Park Road and Melbury Road.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Design, construction and craftsmanship, 1875–78</h3><br>
<p>In 1863, William Burges gained his first major architectural commission, Saint Fin Barre&#39;s Cathedral, Cork, at the age of 35. In the following twelve years, his architecture, metalwork, jewellery, furniture and stained glass led Crook to claim that Burges rivaled Pugin as "the greatest art-architect of the Gothic Revival". But by 1875, his short career was largely over. Although he worked to finalise earlier projects, he received no further major commissions, and the design, construction, decoration and furnishing of the Tower House occupied much of the last six years of his life. In December 1875, after rejecting plots in Victoria Road, Kensington and Bayswater, Burges purchased the leasehold of the plot in Melbury Road from the Earl of Ilchester, the owner of the Holland Estate. The ground rent was £100 per annum. Initial drawings for the house had been undertaken in July 1875 and the final form was decided upon by the end of the year. Building began in 1876, contracted to the Ashby Brothers of Kingsland Road at a cost of £6,000.</p><br>
<p>At the Tower House Burges drew on his own "experience of twenty years learning, travelling and building," and used many of the artists and craftsmen who had worked with him on earlier buildings. An estimate book compiled by him, and now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, contains the names of the individuals and companies that worked at the house. Thomas Nicholls was responsible for the stone carving, including the capitals, corbels and the chimneypieces. The mosaic and marble work was contracted to Burke and Company of Regent Street, while the decorative tiles were supplied by WB Simpson and Sons Ltd of the Strand. John Ayres Hatfield crafted the bronze decorations on the doors, while the woodwork was the responsibility of John Walden of Covent Garden. Henry Stacy Marks and Frederick Weekes were employed to decorate the walls with murals, and Campbell and Smith of Southampton Row had responsibility for most of the painted decoration. Marks painted birds above the frieze in the library, and the illustrations of famous lovers in the drawing-room were by Weekes. They also painted the figures on the bookcases in the library. The stained glass was by Saunders and Company of Long Acre, with initial designs by Horatio Walter Lonsdale.</p><br>
<h3>Burges to Graham, 1878–1962</h3><br>
<p>Burges spent his first night at the house on 5 March 1878. It provided a suitable backdrop for entertaining his range of friends, "the whole gamut of Pre-Raphaelite London." His dogs, Dandie, Bogie and Pinkie, are immortalised in paintings on various pieces of furniture such as the Dog Cabinet and the foot of The Red Bed. Burges displayed his extensive collection of armour in the armoury. The decoration of his bedroom hints at another of his passions: a fondness for opium. Stylised poppies cover the panels of a cupboard which was set next to his bed.</p><br>
<p>In 1881, after catching a chill while overseeing work at Cardiff, Burges returned, half paralysed, to the house where he lay dying for some three weeks. Among his last visitors were Oscar Wilde and James Whistler. Burges died in the Red Bed on 20 April 1881, just over three years after moving into the Tower House; he was 53 years old. He was buried in West Norwood Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The lease on the house was inherited by Burgess brother-in-law, Richard Popplewell Pullan. Pullan completed some of Burgess unfinished projects and wrote two studies of his work. The lease was then purchased by Colonel T. H. Minshall, author of What to Do with Germany and Future Germany, and father of Merlin Minshall. Minshall sold his lease to Colonel E. R. B. and Mrs. Graham in 1933. The Tower House was designated a Grade I listed building on 29 July 1949.</p><br>
<h3>Betjeman to Turnbull, 1962–69</h3><br>
<p>John Betjeman was a friend of the Grahams and was given the remaining two-year lease on the house, together with some of the furniture, on Mrs. Grahams death in 1962. Betjeman, a champion of Victorian Gothic Revival architecture, was an early admirer of Burges. In 1957 the Tower House had featured in the fifth episode of his BBC television series, An Englishmans Castle. In a radio interview of 1952 about Cardiff Castle Betjeman spoke of the architect and his foremost work: "a great brain has made this place. I don&#39;t see how anyone can fail to be impressed by its weird beauty... awed into silence from the force of this Victorian dream of the Middle Ages."</p><br>
<p>Because of a potential liability for £10,000 of renovation work upon the expiry of the lease, Betjeman considered the house too costly to maintain, and subsequently vacated it. From 1962 to 1966, the house stood empty and suffered vandalism and neglect. A survey undertaken in January 1965 revealed that the exterior stonework was badly decayed, dry rot had eaten through the roof and the structural floor timbers, and the attics were infested with pigeons. Vandals had stripped the lead from the water tanks and had damaged the mirrors, fireplaces and carving work. The most notable loss was the theft of the carved figure of Fame from the Dining Room chimneypiece. Betjeman suggested that the owner&#39;s agents had deliberately refused to let the house, and allowed it to decline, intending to demolish it and redevelop the site. Writing in Country Life in 1966, Charles Handley-Read took a different view saying that "the Ilchester Estate, upon which the house is situated, are anxious that it should be preserved and entered into a long lease conditional upon the house being put into a state of good repair." In March 1965, the Historic Buildings Council obtained a preservation order on the house, enabling the purchaser of the lease, Lady Jane Turnbull, daughter of William Grey, 9th Earl of Stamford, to initiate a programme of restoration the following July. These renovations were supported by grants of £4,000 from the Historic Buildings Council and £3,000 from the Greater London Council. The lease was sold in 1969.</p><br>
<h3>Harris and Page, 1969 onwards</h3><br>
<p>The actor Richard Harris bought the lease for £75,000 in 1969 after discovering that the American entertainer Liberace had made an offer but had not put down a deposit. Reading of the intended sale in the Evening Standard, Harris bought it the following day, describing his purchase as the biggest gift he had ever given himself. In his autobiography, the entertainer Danny La Rue recalled visiting the house with Liberace, writing, "It was a strange building and had eerie murals painted on the ceiling... I sensed evil". Meeting La Rue later, Harris said he had found the house haunted by the ghosts of children from an orphanage that had previously occupied the site and that he had placated them by buying them toys. Harris employed the original decorators, Campbell Smith & Company Ltd., to carry out restoration, using Burges&#39;s drawings from the Victoria and Albert Museum.</p><br>
<p>Jimmy Page, the Led Zeppelin guitarist, bought the house from Harris in 1972 for £350,000, outbidding the musician David Bowie. Page, an enthusiast for Burges and for the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, commented in an interview in 2012: "I was still finding things 20 years after being there – a little beetle on the wall or something like that; its Burgess attention to detail that is so fascinating." In 2015 Page successfully challenged a planning application lodged by the pop star Robbie Williams, who had purchased the adjacent Woodland House in 2013 and planned extensive renovations. Page argued that the alterations, particularly the intended underground excavations, would threaten the structure of the Tower House.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior and design</h3><br>
<p>The cultural historian Caroline Dakers wrote that the Tower House was a "pledge to the spirit of Gothic in an area given over to Queen Anne". Burges loathed the Queen Anne style prevalent in Holland Park, writing that it: "like other fashions... will have its day, I do not call it Queen Anne art, for, unfortunately I see no art in it at all". His inspirations were French Gothic domestic architecture of the thirteenth century and more recent models drawn from the work of the nineteenth-century French architect Viollet-le-Duc. Architectural historians Gavin Stamp and Colin Amery considered that the building "sums up Burges in miniature. Although clearly a redbrick suburban house, it is massive, picturesquely composed, with a prominent tourelle for the staircase which is surmounted by a conical roofed turret." Burges&#39;s neighbour Luke Fildes described the house as a "model modern house of moderately large size in the 13th-century style built to show what may be done for 19th-century everyday wants".</p><br>
<p>The house has an L-shaped plan, and the exterior is plain, of red brick, with Bath stone dressings and green roof slates from Cumberland. With a floor plan of 50 feet by 50 ft square, 2,500 ft2, Burges went about its construction on a grand scale. The architect R. Norman Shaw remarked that the concrete foundations were suitable "for a fortress". This approach, combined with Burges&#39;s architectural skills and the minimum of exterior decoration, created a building that Crook described as "simple and massive". Following his usual pattern, Burges re-worked many elements of earlier designs, adapting them as appropriate. The frontages come from the other townhouse he designed, the McConnochie House in Cardiff, although they have been reversed, with the arcaded, street front from the McConnochie House forming the garden front of the Tower House. The staircase is consigned to the conical tower, avoiding the error Burges made at the earlier house, where he placed the staircase in the middle of the hall. The cylindrical tower and conical roof derive from Castell Coch, and the interiors are inspired from examples at Cardiff Castle. The house has two main floors, with a basement below and a garret above. The ground floor contains a drawing room, a dining room and a library, while the first floor has two bedrooms and an armoury.</p><br>
<h3>Plan</h3><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The architectural writer Bridget Cherry wrote that "the sturdy exterior gives little hint of the fantasy created inside", interiors which the art historian and Burges scholar Charles Handley-Read described as "at once opulent, aggressive, obsessional, enchanting, their grandeur border on grandiloquence". Each room has a complex iconographic scheme of decoration: in the hall it is Time; in the drawing room, Love; in Burgess bedroom, the Sea. Massive fireplaces with elaborate overmantels were carved and installed, described by Crook as "veritable altars of art... some of the most amazing pieces of decoration Burges ever designed". Handley-Read considered that Burgess decorations were "unique, almost magical quite unlike anything designed by his contemporaries".</p><br>
<h4>Ground floor</h4><br>
<p>A bronze-covered door, with relief panels depicting figures, opens onto the entrance hall. The porch contains a white marble seat and column, and on the floor is a mosaic of Pinkie, a favourite poodle of Burges. Cartooned by H.W. Lonsdale, it resembles the cave canem floor at Pompei.</p><br>
<p>The interior centres on the double-height entrance hall, with the theme of Time. The painted ceiling depicts the astrological signs of the constellations, arranged in the positions they held when the house was first occupied. A large stained glass window contains four female figures representing Dawn, Noon, Twilight and Night. A mosaic floor in the entrance hall contains a labyrinth design, with the centre depicting the myth of Theseus slaying the Minotaur. The gardens entrance door, also covered in bronze, is decorated with a relief of the Madonna and Child. As elsewhere, Burges incorporated earlier designs, the bronze doors echoing those at Cork Cathedral, and the maze floor recalling an earlier ceiling at Burgess office at 15 Buckingham Street. Emblems adorn the five doors on the ground floor, each one relevant to their respective room. A flower marked the door to the garden, with the front door marked by a key. The library is indicated by an open book, the drawing or music room by musical instruments, and the dining room by a bowl and flask of wine.</p><br>
<p>The library, its walls lined with bookcases, features a sculptured mantelpiece resembling the Tower of Babel. The hooded chimneypiece represents the "dispersion of languages", with figures depicting Nimrod ruling over the elements of speech. Two trumpeters represent the pronouns, a queen embodies the verb, a porter the noun, and numerous other gilded and painted figures are displayed. The ceiling is divided into eight compartments, with depictions of the six founders of law and philosophy, Moses, St. Paul, Luther, Mahomet, Aristotle and Justinian. An illuminated alphabet frieze of architecture and the visual arts running around the bookcases completes the scheme, with the letters of the alphabet incorporated, including a letter "H" falling below the cornice. Due to H-dropping being a social taboo in Victorian times, Handley-Read described it as the "most celebrated of all Burges&#39;s jokes". Artists and craftsmen are featured at work on each lettered door of the bookcases that surround the room. In a panel in one of the glazed doors which open onto the garden, Burges is shown standing in front of a model of the Tower House. He features as Architect, the A forming the first letter of the alphabet frieze. Both the Architecture Cabinet and the Great Bookcase stood in this room. The stained glass windows in the room represent painting, architecture and sculpture, and were painted by Weekes.</p><br>
<p>On the wall opposite the library fireplace is an opening into the drawing room. Inside there are three stained glass windows which are set in ornamented marble linings. Opposite the windows stood the Zodiac Settle, which Burges moved from Buckingham Street. Love is the central decorative scheme to the room, with the ceiling painted with medieval cupids, and the walls covered with mythical lovers. Carved figures from the Roman de la Rose decorate the chimneypiece, which Crook considered "one of the most glorious that Burges and Nicholls ever produced". Echoing Crook, Charles Handley-Read wrote, "Working together, Burges and Nicholls had transposed a poem into sculpture with a delicacy that is very nearly musical. The Roman de la Rose has come to life."</p><br>
<p>The dining room is devoted to Geoffrey Chaucers The House of Fame and the art of story-telling, Crook explaining that "tall stories are part of the dining room rite". The hooded chimneypiece, of Devonshire marble, contained a bronze figure above the fireplace representing the Goddess of Fame; its hands and face were made of ivory, with sapphires for eyes. It was later stolen. The tiles on the walls depict fairy stories, including Reynard the Fox, Jack and the Beanstalk and Little Red Riding Hood. The room also shows Burgess innovative use of materials: Handley-Read observed that the Victorians had "a horror of food smells" and therefore the room was constructed using materials that did not absorb odours and could be washed. The walls are covered with Devonshire marble, surmounted by glazed picture tiles, while the ceiling is of sheet metal. The ceiling is divided into coffered compartments by square beams, and features symbols of the Sun, the planets and the signs of the Zodiac. Burges designed most of the cutlery and plate used in this room, which display his skills as a designer of metalwork, including the claret jug and Cat Cup chosen by Lord and Lady Bute as mementos from Burges&#39;s collection after his death. The panels of the wine cupboard were decorated by Dante Gabriel Rossetti.</p><br>
<h4>First floor and garret</h4><br>
<p>The windows of the stair turret represent "the Storming of the Castle of Love". On the first floor are two bedrooms and an armoury. Burges&#39;s bedroom, with a theme of sea creatures, overlooks the garden. Its elaborate ceiling is segmented into panels by gilded and painted beams, studded with miniature convex mirrors set in to gilt stars. Fish and eels swim in a frieze of waves painted under the ceiling, and fish are also carved in relief on the chimneypiece. On the fire-hood, a sculpted mermaid gazes into a looking-glass, with seashells, coral, seaweed and a baby mermaid also represented. Charles Handley-Read described the frieze around the Mermaid fireplace as "proto-Art Nouveau" and noted "the debt of international art nouveau to Victorian Gothic designers, Burges included". In this room, Burges placed two of his most personal pieces of furniture, the Red Bed, in which he died, and the Narcissus washstand, both of which originally came from Buckingham Street. The bed is painted blood red and features a panel depicting Sleeping Beauty. The washstand is red and gold; its tip-up basin of marble inlaid with fishes is silver and gold.</p><br>
<p>"The Earth and its productions" is the theme of the guest room facing the street.</p><br>
<p>Burges designated the final room on the first floor an armoury and used it to display his large collection of armour. The collection was bequeathed to the British Museum upon his death. A carved chimneypiece in the armoury has three roundels carved with the goddesses Minerva, Venus and Juno in medieval attire.</p><br>
<p>The garret originally contained day and night nurseries, which the author James Stourton considers a surprising choice of arrangement for the "childless bachelor Burges". They contain a pair of decorated chimneypieces featuring the tale of Jack and the Beanstalk and three monkeys at play.</p><br>
<h3>Garden</h3><br>
<p>The garden at the rear of the house featured raised flowerbeds which Dakers described as being "planned according to those pleasances depicted in medieval romances; beds of scarlet tulips, bordered with stone fencing". On a mosaic terrace, around a statue of a boy holding a hawk, sculpted by Thomas Nicholls, Burges and his guests would sit on "marble seats or on Persian rugs and embroidered cushions." The garden, and that of the adjacent Woodland House, contain trees from the former Little Holland House.</p><br>
<h2>Furniture</h2><br>
<p>In creating the interior of the house, Burges demonstrated his skill as a jeweller, metalworker and designer. He included some of his best pieces of furniture such as the Zodiac Settle, the Dog Cabinet and the Great Bookcase, the last of which Charles Handley-Read described as "occupying a unique position in the history of Victorian painted furniture". The fittings were as elaborate as the furniture: the tap for one of the guest washstands was in the form of a bronze bull from whose throat water poured into a sink inlaid with silver fish. Within the Tower House Burges placed some of his finest metalwork; the artist Henry Stacy Marks wrote, "he could design a chalice as well as a cathedral... His decanters, cups, jugs, forks and spoons were designed with an equal ability to that with which he would design a castle."</p><br>
<p>Burgess furniture did not receive universal acclaim. In his major study of English domestic architecture, Das Englische Haus, published some twenty years after Burgess death, Hermann Muthesius wrote of The Tower House, "Worst of all, perhaps, is the furniture. Some of it is in the earlier manner, some of it box-like and painted all over. This style had now become fashionable, though with what historical justification it is not easy to say".</p><br>
<p>Many of the early pieces of furniture, such as the Narcissus Washstand, the Zodiac Settle and the Great Bookcase, were originally made for Burgess office at Buckingham Street and were later moved to the Tower House. The Great Bookcase was also part of Burgess contribution to the Medieval Court at the 1862 International Exhibition. Later pieces, such as the Crocker Dressing Table and the Golden Bed, and its accompanying Vita Nuova Washstand, were made specifically for the house. John Betjeman located the Narcissus Washstand in a junk shop in Lincoln and gave it to Evelyn Waugh, a fellow enthusiast for Victorian art and architecture, who featured it in his 1957 novel, The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold. Betjeman later gave Waugh both the Zodiac Settle and the Philosophy Cabinet.</p><br>
<p>Many of the decorative items Burges designed for the Tower House were dispersed following his death. Several pieces purchased by Charles Handley-Read, who was instrumental in reviving interest in Burges, were acquired by The Higgins Art Gallery & Museum, Bedford. The museum also bought the Zodiac Settle from the Waugh family in 2011.</p><br>
<h3>Dispersed furniture and locations</h3><br>
<p>The table below lists the known pieces of furniture originally in situ, with their dates of construction and their current location where known.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural coverage</h2><br>
<p>Richard Popplewell Pullan described the house in detail in the second of two works he wrote about his brother-in-law, The House of William Burges, A.R.A., published in 1886. The book contains photographs of the interior of the house by Francis Bedford. In 1893, the building was the only private house to be recorded in an article in The Builder, which gave an overview of the architecture of the previous fifty years. It was referenced again a decade latter by Muthesius, who described it as, "The most highly developed Gothic house to have been built in the 19th century (and) the last to be built in England". It was then largely ignored, James Stourton describing its early twentieth-century decline as "a paradigm of the reputation of the Gothic Revival".</p><br>
<p>A renewed understanding and appreciation of the building, and of Burges himself, began with Charles Handley-Reads essay on Burges in Peter Ferridays collection Victorian Architecture, published in 1963. In 1966 Handley-Read followed this with a substantial article on the house for Country Life, "Aladdins Palace in Kensington". His notes on Burges formed the basis of Mordaunt Crooks centenary volume, William Burges and the High Victorian Dream, published in 1981, in which Crook wrote at length on both the Tower House and its contents.</p><br>
<p>More recent coverage was given in London 3: North West, the revision to the Buildings of England guide to London written by Nikolaus Pevsner and Bridget Cherry, published in 1991 (revised 2002). The house is referenced in Matthew Williamss William Burges (2004), and in Panoramas of Lost London by Philip Davies, published in 2011, which includes some of Francis Bedfords photographs of the house from 1885. In a chapter on the building in Great Houses of London (2012), the author James Stourton called The Tower House "the most singular of London houses, even including the Soane Museum."</p><br>
<p>Camiguin de Babuyanes is an active stratovolcano on Camiguin Island, part of the Babuyan Islands group that is located in Luzon Strait, north of the island of Luzon, in the Philippines. The volcano and the island is within the jurisdiction of the municipality of Calayan, in the province of Cagayan.</p><br>
<h2>Physical features</h2><br>
<p>The well-forested Mount Camiguin or Camiguin de Babuyanes, to distinguish it from Camiguin of Mindanao, has an elevation of 712 m asl, and a base diameter of 3,200 m. It occupies the SW tip of 22 km long Camiguin Island.</p><br>
<p>Fumaroles are found on the southwest, west, and east flanks of the volcano and a boiling spring is located near sea level on the western flank of the volcano (magas-asok).</p><br>
<p>The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHILVOCS) lists Camiguin de Babuyanes as one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines.</p><br>
<p>All volcanoes in the Philippines are part of the Pacific ring of fire.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<p>An eruption was recorded around 1857. It was reported as phreatic and possibly partly submarine.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, there were reports of volcanic activity but instrumental investigations showed no sign of unusual volcanic activity, such as intense fumarolic activity, felt earthquakes, fissuring at the volcano’s slopes, or smell of sulphur.</p><br>
<p>Another report of volcanic unrest was reported in 1993 but an aerial survey of the volcano proved no signs of activity.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Formation of the island started during the Pliocene era with an andesitic volcano, followed by the subsidiary cones of Minabel to the north and Caanoan in the eastern part of the island.</p><br>
<p>The southern part of the island consists of three volcanic centers located traversing a SSE-NNW line, Mount Camiguin stratovolcano and the young andesitic lava domes of Mts. Malabsing and Pamoctan.</p><br>
<p>Lake Needwood is a 75 acre reservoir in Derwood, Maryland, USA. It is just east of Rockville, in the eastern part of Montgomery County, and is situated on Rock Creek. The lake was created to provide flood control. It also protects the water quality of the creek by functioning as a retention basin to trap sediment from stormwater runoff. Ironically, there have been several evacuations of downstream residents during periods of heavy rain, due to concerns about the structural integrity of the earthen dam constructed in 1965.</p><br>
<p>The lake is part of. Visitors can rent pedal boats, rowboats, and canoes, and a flat-bottom pontoon boat, the Needwood Queen, is available for rides. With a license, fishing is permitted. Also, the picnic areas surrounding the lake are popular locations for various events. Other park features include a visitors center and snack bar, hiking and biking trails, playgrounds, an archery range and Needwood Golf Course. About one mile (1.6 km) southeast is Lake Needwood&#39;s sister lake, Lake Frank.</p><br>
<p>The begins at Lake Needwood and can be followed along the course of Rock Creek, ending at the Potomac River in Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<h2>Mid-Atlantic States flood of 2006</h2><br>
<p>The latest evacuation, of approximately 2,200 people, was on June 28, 2006. Communities just south of the lake were evacuated and were housed in temporary shelters at nearby high schools until the lake&#39;s level dropped. The evacuees lived in 500 apartments at the Rock Creek Terrace complex on Veirs Mill Road in Rockville and in 700 single family homes in that area. Officials stated that the lake was 25 ft above its normal level during the flood, and many roads in the surrounding area had been closed down for fear of flooding. As soon as fears subsided, evacuees returned home on June 29. Montgomery County Homeland Security director Gordon Aoyagi and County Chief Administrative Officer Bruce Romer estimated that if the dam had broken, areas south of the lake could have flooded up to 19 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Dredging project</h2><br>
<p>Until 1990, the county government regularly conducted dredging projects of the lake to remove accumulated sediment. Since that time dredging has been deferred for budgetary reasons. In 2008, the County started preparations to dredge sediment from the lake during 2010-2011. The dredging project will improve water quality, as well as boating and fishing conditions.</p><br>
<h2>Toxicity</h2><br>
<p>In 2010, the lake was found to have low levels of microcystin, a toxin produced by cyanobacteria that can cause liver damage. The toxin was also reported in the water in 2012, 2013 and 2014. Approximately 50 bright yellow signs were posted along trails around the lake advising patrons to keep pets away from the water.</p><br>
<p>Mount Hibok-Hibok  is a stratovolcano on Camiguin Island in the Philippines. It is one of the active volcanoes in the country and part of the Pacific ring of fire.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Volcanologists classify Hibok-Hibok as a stratovolcano and dome complex with an elevation of 1,332 m and a base diameter of 10 km.</p><br>
<p>It has six hot springs (Ardent Spring, Tangob, Bugong, Tagdo, Naasag and Kiyab), three craters (Kanangkaan Crater, site of the 1948 eruption; Itum Crater, site of 1949 eruption, and Ilihan Crater, site of 1950 eruption).</p><br>
<p>Its adjacent volcanic edifices are Mt. Vulcan, 580 m high, NW of Hibok-Hibok; Mt. Mambajao, 1,552 m center of Camiguin; Mt. Guinsiliban 581 m high, southernmost Camiguin; Mt. Butay 679 m; and Mt. Uhay, N of Mount Ginsiliban. There are also domes and cones at Campana Hill, Minokol Hill, Tres Marias Hill, Mt. Carling, Mt. Tibane, and Piyakong Hill.</p><br>
<p>Mount Timpoong and Hibok-Hibok form the two major landmarks within the Timpoong and Hibok-Hibok Natural Monument.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<p>Hibok-Hibok has erupted five times in modern history.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded eruption occurred in 1827 and a similar activity followed in 1862.</p><br>
<h3>1871 to 1875</h3><br>
<p>On February 16, 1871, earthquakes and subterranean rumblings began to be felt on the island, which increased in severity until April 30 when a volcanic fissure opened up 400 yards southwest of the village of Catarman, on the northwest flank of Hibok-hibok Volcano. From the opening, lava was continuously ejected and poured into the sea for four years, destroying the town. At the same time, the vent built a cone now known as Mt. Vulcan. In 1875, the Challenger expedition visited the area, and described the mountain as a dome, about 1,950 ft in height, without any crater, but still smoking and incandescent at the top.</p><br>
<p>The portion of the town containing a cemetery has subsided into the sea and is now marked with a huge white cross off the coast. The settlement was relocated to where the present Catarman town center is now located. The remains of old Catarman like the ruins of the ancient Spanish church, convent and a bell tower is now called Gui-ob.</p><br>
<h3>1897 to 1902</h3><br>
<p>In 1897, Hibok-Hibok emitted white sulfurous vapors which damaged farms on the island. Solfataric activity continued up to 1902.</p><br>
<h3>1948 to 1951</h3><br>
<p>From 1948 to 1951, Mt. Hibok-Hibok constantly rumbled and smoked. There were also landslides and earthquakes followed by dome building and nuee ardente. The Peléan eruption in 1948 from the Kanangkaan crater caused little damage and loss of life. The eruption of 1949, originating from Itum crater caused 79 deaths due to landslides. In the morning of December 4, 1951, the volcano erupted again. This, time, however, it unleashed boiling lava, poisonous gases, and landslides enough to destroy nearly 19 km&sup2; of land particularly in Mambajao. All in all, over 3,000 people were killed. Before the eruption of Mt. Hibok-Hibok in 1951, the population of Camiguin had reached 69,000. After the eruption, the population was reduced to about 34,000 due to massive emigration.</p><br>
<p>Volcanologists observed an eruption pattern observed during the 1948-1952 eruptions (a cycle of four phases) beginning with a short period of emission of steam from the crater and avalanches of volcanic materials, followed by explosions or steam blast with emission of heavy clouds of steam, ash and other fragmentary volcanic materials with a strong possibility of the development of pyroclastic flows. The third phase involves eruption of incandescent materials, emission of ash and steam in large amounts, formation of flows and occasional minor crater outbursts, and finally a decrease in steam and other ejecta from the crater.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking activity</h2><br>
<p>Mt. Hibok-Hibok is a popular hiking destination in Camiguin island. A permit from the DENR office in Mambajao is required. It normally takes 3–5 hours to reach the summit; the usual jump-off is Ardent Hot Springs in Mambajao. Views from the summit include the nearby White Island, Bohol to the north, Eastern Mindanao to the east and the island of Siquijor to the west. The mossy crater of Camiguin&#39;s past eruption can also be seen.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Vulcan can be hiked by way of the Stations of the Cross or The Walkway in Bonbon, Catarman. On the trail are the statues depicting the Roman Catholic Stations of the Cross, which are 14 events in the crucifixion of Jesus, at intervals on the climb. They are a memorial to the dead from the last eruption in the 1950s. Mt. Vulcan, which is locally called the Old Volcano, is a misnomer as it is actually the youngest volcano on the island, formed in the 1871 eruption.</p><br>
<p>Pag  is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea. It is the fifth-largest island of the Croatian coast, and the one with the longest coastline.</p><br>
<p>In the 2011 census, the population of the island was 9,059. There are two towns on the island, Pag and Novalja, as well as many smaller villages and tourist places. Pag is the only Croatian island that is administratively divided between two counties. Its northern part belongs to Lika-Senj County, while the central and southern parts belong to Zadar County.</p><br>
<p>The island is renowned for its cheese and lace.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Pag belongs to the north Dalmatian archipelago and it extends northwest-southeast along the coast, forming the Velebit channel. The island has an area of 284.56 km² and the coastline is 269.2 km. It is around 60 km long (from northwest to southeast), and between 2 and wide.</p><br>
<p>The southwestern coast of the island is low (including the Pag Bay with the large Caska Cove), and the northwestern is steep and high (including Stara Novalja Bay). Most of the island is rocky; smaller areas are covered with Mediterranean shrubs. The southeast of the island contains karst lakes Velo Blato and Malo Blato. The island&#39;s highest peak, at 349 m, is Sveti Vid (St. Vitus).</p><br>
<p>Grapes (the authentic žutica), vegetables and fruit are grown in the valleys and fields. The northern area of the Lun peninsula is mostly under olive groves. Most communities on the island are connected by a road. A 300 m-long arch bridge connects the southern part of the island to the mainland. The Prizna - Žigljen ferry connects the northern part of the island to the mainland. The island has two towns, Pag and Novalja, and many smaller villages and communities, including Lun, Stara Novalja, Gajac, Kolan, Mandre, Šimuni, Metajna, Dinjiška, Vlašiči, Povljana and others.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The first Croatian wind farm was constructed on Pag island, just northeast of Pag town. The 5.95 MW "Vjetroelektrana Ravna 1" wind farm is composed of seven Vestas V52 wind turbines and has operated since 2004.</p><br>
<p>Throughout its history, Pag has been connected with salt production, a traditional activity that has been practiced for more than a thousand years. While the earliest historical records of salt production on the island date to 999, it is believed salt was produced on Pag in Roman times. The origin of the town of Pag is connected with the exploitation of natural suitably shallow coves within the closed bay (the so-called “Valle di Pago”) for salt manufacturing.</p><br>
<p>Uludağ, the ancient Mysian Olympus and Bithynian Olympus, is a mountain in Bursa Province, Turkey, with an elevation of 2,543 m. It is a popular center for winter sports such as skiing, and a national park of rich flora and fauna. Summer activities, such as trekking and camping, also are popular.</p><br>
<p>In Turkish, Uludağ means "Sublime Mountain". In ancient times the range of which it is a part, extending along the southern edge of Bithynia, was known as Olympos in Greek and Olympus in Latin, the western extremity being known as the Mysian Olympus and the eastern as the Bithynian Olympus, and the city of Bursa was known as Prusa ad Olympum from its position near the mountain. Throughout the Middle Ages, it contained hermitages and monasteries: "The rise of this monastic centre in the 8th c. and its prestige up to the 11th are linked to the resistance of numerous monks to the policy of the iconoclast emperors and then to a latent opposition to the urban, Constantinopolitan monasticism of the Studites.". One of the greatest monks of the Christian East, the wonder-working Byzantine monk Saint Joannicius the Great, lived as a hermit on this mountain.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Uludağ is the highest mountain of the Marmara region. Its highest peak is Kartaltepe at 2,543 m. To the north are high plateaus: Sarıalan, Kirazlıyayla, Kadıyayla, and Sobra.</p><br>
<p>There is an abandoned wolfram mine near the summit. The mine and the integrated plant, which were built in 1974 for US$60 million, were closed in 1989 due to high production costs.</p><br>
<h2>Uludağ National Park Turkey</h2><br>
<p>The highest area in western Anatolia, Uludağ is easily ascended by car or cable-car. The park is about 22 km south of Bursa and is signposted from there. Bursa can be reached by road from Istanbul. The cable-car ascends from Bursa and has an intermediate stop in the alpine meadows of Kadiyayla at about 1,200 m elevation. It ends at Sarialan at about 1,630 m.</p><br>
<p>Habitats of the park range from maquis on the lower slopes, through deciduous woodland and beech and fir forest to alpine meadows at the highest levels. It is a refuge for mountain birds, such as lammergeier and other vultures, golden eagle and more than 20 other raptor species. Other high-altitude species include alpine accentor, rock thrushes and choughs. The area is also good for eastern specialities such as isabelline wheatear, and, at almost the most westerly points of their range, red-fronted serin and Krüpers nuthatch. The dense fir forest holds short-toed treecreeper, common crossbill and Tengmalms owl, a rare and very local bird in Turkey, as well as the white-backed woodpecker.</p><br>
<p>The rare and local butterfly, Parnassius apollo graslini, is found on Uludag and the area has much of interest to botanists, with colourful pink primroses (Primula vulgaris var. sibthorpii), leopard&#39;s bane (Doronicum orientale), crocuses: the purple Crocus siberi and yellow Crocus flavus, and grape hyacinths (Muscari racemosum). There are also few wolf packs roaming on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Kasplya  is a river in Smolensky, Demidovsky, and Rudnyansky Districts of Smolensk Oblast of Russia and in Vitebsk Region of Belarus, and a major left tributary of the Daugava River. Its length is 136 km, the first 116 km are in Russia, and the rest in Belarus. It joins the Daugava in the urban-type settlement of Surazh. The town of Demidov is situated on the Kasplya.</p><br>
<p>The source of the Kasplya is in Lake Kasplya in Smolensky District. It flows north, crosses the border with Demidovsky District and turns northwest. It flows through Demidov, and next to the selo of Boroda turns west, crosses Rudnyansky District and enters Belarus. There, it turns northwest again and enters the Daugava.</p><br>
<p>During the Viking Age, the river was an important part of the Dnieper trade route, as there was a portage from the Kasplya to the Dnieper tributaries entering the Dnieper near Gnezdovo.</p><br>
<p>The Aquitania is a luxury, 82-unit cooperative apartment building in the Margate Park neighborhood of the Uptown community of Chicago, Illinois. It is officially designated on the National Register of Historic Places by The United States Department of the Interior.</p><br>
<p>The Aquitania, known legally as the 5000 North Marine Drive Corporation, was built by Ralph C. Harris and Byron H. Jillson in the Classical Revival style. Its developer was George K. Spoor, the co-founder of Essanay Studios and a producer of silent movies during the first two decades of the twentieth century. At that time, Chicago rivaled both New York City and Hollywood in film production, and Spoor was able to use his considerable wealth to plan and develop a property, which he felt was befitting the celebrities connected with Chicagos growing entertainment industry. A legend, which purports that Essanay Studio actors Charlie Chaplain and Gloria Swanson once resided at The Aquitania, is likely unfounded. This probable factual inaccuracy reflects nothing more than film lore since all silent film production left Chicagos Essanay studios for southern California by 1918 at the very latest, and The Aquitania was not built until 1923, although there are historical accounts of both silent-film era stars staying as guests at The Aquitania when it was a hotel in its earliest days.</p><br>
<p>When the Aquitania was built, it was situated directly on the Lake Michigan shore; subsequent development of both Lake Shore Drive and the lakefront park have moved the shore some two blocks east of the building. The fifteen-story building has a courtyard and an Art Moderne lobby. Construction was completed in 1923, and it became a cooperative in 1949.</p><br>
<p>The Ghent District includes the various Ghent neighborhoods  in Norfolk, Virginia. Its boundaries are roughly Brambleton Avenue/The Hague on the south, the Elizabeth River on west, Monticello Avenue on the east and the railroad crossing immediately north of 22nd Street. The area continues to spread eastward with newer developments . The main north/south thoroughfares are Hampton Boulevard, Colley Avenue, Colonial Avenue, Llewellyn Avenue, Granby Street, and Monticello Avenue. The main east/west thoroughfares are Olney Road, Princess Anne Road, and 21st Street. Brambleton Avenue acts as a connector from Ghent to Downtown and crosses the southern tip of Ghent briefly.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ghent district of Norfolk, Virginia, was developed beginning in 1890, with most construction occurring between 1892 and 1907. Richard Drummer, a 19th-century Norfolk resident is credited with naming the neighborhood "Ghent." On 24 December 1814, the Treaty of Ghent was signed, ending the War of 1812. It is said that, because one of his ships had the distinction of bringing the signed treaty to America, Drummond renamed his "Pleasant Point" house "Ghent" to commemorate the event. The street "Drummond Place" in Ghent also bears his name. Located blocks west of Norfolk&#39;s present commercial core, Ghent originally covered approximately 220 acre. Although most of Ghent was laid along a standard grid plan, the siting of the south section of the suburb by Smith Creek (now called "The Hague"), and a “Y”-shaped inlet off the Elizabeth River, suggested a different planning approach. Marshlands at this area were filled and the shoreline given a semicircular shape. The resulting street, Mowbray Arch, soon became the favored location for the stately houses of Norfolk’s middle and upper-middle class residents. Ghent’s plan was not particularly innovative, but it successfully exploited the area’s strategic waterfront location, providing views over the creek to the grass banks on the opposite shore. While Ghent originally covered more than thirty blocks in area, the Mowbray Arch section displays the highest concentration of houses built during the late 19th century. This area is contained by Smith’s Creek and Olney Road, a four-lane traffic artery connecting the two arms of the creek and providing east-west access to downtown Norfolk.</p><br>
<p>The area went into steep decline in the years following World War II (especially eastern Ghent, todays Ghent Square neighborhood). It more recently has been the focus of a very concentrated and successful gentrification effort that continues to this day. As a result, the area is one of the most economically diverse in Norfolk with large turn-of-the century apartment buildings, next to rows of cozy bungalows, side by side with newly developed condominiums. During the first few years of the 21st century, many former apartment buildings were redeveloped into condominium units at a rapid pace. Much of what was eastern Ghent, in which was torn down and rebuilt (including roads) as todays Ghent Square neighborhood. Consequently, few of the original buildings remain with the notable exceptions of Maury High School and the Van Wyck branch of the Norfolk Public Library.</p><br>
<p>The Ghent Historic District is a national historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Commerce</h2><br>
<p>Ghents commercial district is known for unique shops, restaurants, the Naro Cinema (which screens foreign and independent films), and Doumars Cones and BBQ (known for having the world&#39;s first ice cream cone machine). The businesses within Ghent are predominantly located on Colley Avenue, Colonial Avenue, Monticello Avenue (which includes many fast-food establishments as it is the transition area between Ghent and an industrial area to the east), and along 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets. There are many other businesses tucked into side streets leading from the main streets in Ghent as well.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions/Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Nearby cultural attractions include Norfolks major art museum, the Chrysler Museum of Art, and the Virginia Operas home stage, the Harrison Opera House. Also located in the Ghent district of Norfolk is the historic Naro Theatre.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood is also home to Norfolks largest medical complex, containing Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Sentara Heart Hospital, Childrens Hospital of the King&#39;s Daughters, and Eastern Virginia Medical School.</p><br>
<p>The Matthew Geary House is a wood-framed single family home located on Market Street in the city of Mackinac Island, Michigan built about 1846.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lot this house stands on was first platted in 1811, and sold to John Ogilvy. The parcel passed through multiple owners in the next few decades, including the American Fur Company, until it was purchased by Matthew Geary in the mid-1840s.</p><br>
<p>Geary was a prominent citizen of Mackinac Island, having been elected fish inspector for the island. He was also elected as a village trustee in 1848, and held other elective positions on the island. Geary constructed this house in about 1846.</p><br>
<p>Following Geary&#39;s death, the house was passed to his family. The Geary House remained in the Geary family until 1968, when it was purchased by the Mackinac Island State Park Commission, the current owner as of 2016. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Matthew Geary House is a two-story, side-gabled frame house with an entrance porch topped with a balustrade and an enclosed side porch. Its raised basement, an architectural response to bedrock close to the surface, is characteristic of traditional Mackinac Island architecture. A rear addition, and the glassed-in side sun porch, are not original to the house. The basement can be accessed via a short flight of steps from the outside of the building.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the main floor contains a centran hall and staircase and four surrounding rooms. The kitchen is located in the rear to the east room, and a parlor/bedroom is located in the front to the east. On the west side of the house hall is a large combination living-dining room, and the rear sunporch is located behind this room. The second floor contains four bedrooms, two on either side of the central hall. A bathroom is located at the rear within the two-story addition.</p><br>
<p>Box Springs Mountain is the highest peak in the Box Springs Mountains range, at 3083+ feet  in elevation. The mountain is located in northwestern Riverside County, Southern California.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is east of downtown Riverside, and northwest of Moreno Valley, a partial border between the two large cities. Most of the mountain is part of the Box Springs Mountain Reserve, a 1,155 acre park operated by the county.</p><br>
<p>UC Riverside manages the Box Springs Reserve adjacent to its campus, part of the University of California Natural Reserve System. It protects a transitional ecotone zone between coastal sage scrub and chamise chaparral.</p><br>
<p>Because the mountain is one of the more prominent features in the Inland Empire (Riverside-San Bernardino urbanized area), the summit is used for numerous telecommunication towers, including transmission towers for the KOLA 99.9 and KGGI 99.1 radio stations.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Box Springs Mountain is said to have gotten its name during the 1880s. Teamsters with horse-drawn wagons would stop at a natural spring in an arroyo of the range to water their horses. A teamster surrounded it with a box to maintain water access, later giving the spring and range their names.</p><br>
<p>The letter "C" is embedded on the Riverside-facing side. The "Big C" was built in 1957, mostly by UC Riverside students. E.L. Yeager donated the materials for it. The "C" is approximately 1,500 feet above the UCR campus, and was the world&#39;s largest poured-concrete block letter, 132 feet high by 70 feet wide. The "C" is often vandalized with graffiti.</p><br>
<p>The letter "M" was embedded on the Moreno Valley side of the mountain in 1966 as a symbol of Moreno Valley High School which was then in the town of Sunnymead. The City of Moreno Valley was officially incorporated as a municipality on December 3, 1984 comprising Sunnymead, Edgemont and the little town of Moreno. The mountain with "M" were included on the new city logo. During the first week of December 2009 Moreno Valley and Southern California Edison lit up the "M" to celebrate the 25th anniversary of cityhood.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>Box Springs Mountain provides wildlife habitat in the fast-growing Inland Empire Metropolitan Area, with populations of snakes, lizards, coyotes, bobcats, mountain lions, bears, deer and burros, some of which wander into the populace below. There are several large eucalyptus trees that were planted at its base that originally marked sources of water.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is susceptible to wildfires which char the hillsides and pose a danger to residences at the base of the mountain. However, they are a natural part of fire ecology in the chaparral and woodland natural habitats.</p><br>
<p>Park Place is a neighborhood in the western half of Norfolk, Virginia. Its boundaries are roughly Granby Street on the east, Colley on the west, the railroad tracks immediately south of 23rd Street on the south and up to  38th Street to the north. Within these boundaries Park Place is made up of 4 subdivision; Virginia Place, East Kensington, Park Place, and Old Dominion Place.</p><br>
<p>The Park Place Historic District is a national historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 and enlarged in 2017.</p><br>
<p>Park Place is a diverse socio-economic neighborhood that lies directly north of the Ghent district and directly south of Colonial Place. Park Place is one of Norfolks oldest neighborhoods and the architecture of the homes reflects this. In recent years, residents have worked together to implement a plan of neighbors helping neighbors. A brand new YMCA, state of the art early childhood education school, and redevelopment in the 35th business district are just some of the great things that have added value to the neighborhood. Park Place is adjacent to the Virginia Zoo, Lafayette Park and unique restaurants that have been rated some of the best in the city. Park Place is traversed by many of Norfolks largest thoroughfares and is close to the arts, downtown, universities and the Naval base.</p><br>
<p>Park Place is also home to "Green Housing", the net-zero project designed to build sustainable living housing (i.e., housing that does not use energy from outside sources). Students from Hampton University are part of a team competing in the 2011 Solar Decathlon that is building a six-unit solar-powered residential building in Park Place.</p><br>
<p>East Redonda Island is a coastal island in British Columbia, Canada, part of the Discovery Islands archipelago. It lies just to the north of Desolation Sound Marine Park, which is located off the north end of the Malaspina Peninsula at the mouth of Toba Inlet within Electoral Area C of the Strathcona Regional District.</p><br>
<p>This island is separated from the larger West Redonda Island by Waddington Channel. The eastern side of the island is separated from the mainland by the deep Homfray Channel. Deeply incising this island from Waddington Channel is Pendrell Sound, which runs toward the northeast. At the northern end of the island is Pryce Channel.</p><br>
<p>The eastern half of the island is home to the "East Redonda Island Ecological Reserve", a preserve established for forestry research and forest growth. It</p><br>
<p>is 6,212 hectare.</p><br>
<p>The highest point on East Redonda Island is Mount Addenbroke at 1,591 m. (50° 14 N; 124° 41 W)</p><br>
<p>Both Redonda Islands were sighted in 1792 by the Spanish explorers Galiano and Valdés and given the name Isla Redonda, meaning "round".</p><br>
<p>North Cronulla Beach or North Cronulla is a patrolled beach on Bate Bay, in Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia. The Wall is the local name given to the area between North Cronulla Beach and Elouera. The Alley is the local name given to the permanent rip current located at the southern end of North Cronulla Beach.</p><br>
<h2>North Cronulla Surf Life Saving Club</h2><br>
<p>The North Cronulla Surf Life Saving Club was established by a group of local residents who were concerned about the safety of visitors to the beach. The first patrol of the beach was in 1925, using the reel, line and belt as their only form of rescue equipment. The first clubhouse, which opened in 1926, was a small weatherboard building on the beach, at the end of The Kingsway.</p><br>
<p>Wave action forced club members to move the clubhouse from the beach into Dunningham Park in 1932. The rock pools between Cronulla and North Cronulla were built and opened the same year. A new, three storey cement rendered clubhouse was opened in 1937, said to be the finest in Australia. The Army’s beach fortifications during World War II affected the seawall foundations and the clubhouse had to be demolished after heavy seas in 1946.</p><br>
<p>In 1950, North Cronulla lost one of its greatest swimming champions, Club Captain Major James Jim Perryman who was attempting to rescue a 16-year-old woman from the surf when he was pulled under by the weight of seaweed on his rescue line. The woman was pulled to safety by another club member but Perryman, who was reeled to shore, could not be revived. A new clubhouse opened later that year and a pool later added to the surf club complex was named after Perryman.</p><br>
<p>In 75 years, North Cronulla members conducted more than 11,000 rescues. Today, North Cronulla has approximately 500 senior and 250 junior members.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cronulla is derived from an Aboriginal word kurranulla, meaning place of pink seashells.</p><br>
<p>In December 2005 areas around the beach were sites where the Cronulla riots occurred.</p><br>
<h2>North Cronulla Gallery</h2><br>
<p>York Redoubt is a redoubt situated on a bluff overlooking the entrance to Halifax Harbour at Ferguson&#39;s Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada, originally constructed in 1793. It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1962.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>York Redoubt was a key element in the defence of Halifax Harbour in the 19th and 20th centuries, and saw many additions to its fortifications. It was a command centre for the local harbour defences in World War II, which included observation posts, a defensive minefield and a new gun battery below the fort at Sleepy Cove covering the anti-submarine net which stretched across the harbour&#39;s entrance from Fort McNab on McNabs Island. York Redoubt remained in military use until 1956.</p><br>
<p>Buildings in the redoubt complex include what remains of the Duke of York&#39;s Martello tower, built in 1798; other fortifications from around 1800 and 1900; and advanced fortifications and artillery from World War II. York Redoubt has many examples of rifled muzzle loader cannon from the 1870s period. An open-air collection of unmounted cannon within the fort has several pieces of artillery of various periods, including a large 9.62-inch breech loader that had been mounted at the Sandwich Point battery, part of the York Redoubt complex.</p><br>
<p>Structures at the water&#39;s edge at Sleepy Cove battery, now closed to the public, include three search light batteries, two concrete lookout towers and two gun emplacements which originally held two 12-pounder guns, but were later replaced with 6 pounder guns.</p><br>
<p>On 28 June 1985, Canada Post issued "York Redoubt, N.S.", one of the twenty stamps in the “Forts Across Canada Series” (1983 & 1985).</p><br>
<h2>Sandwich Point Battery</h2><br>
<p>The series of four gun emplacements was constructed during World War I one kilometre away from the main fort at York Redoubt to protect the approaches to Halifax Harbour. During World War II the two dated 9.2-inch breech-loading guns were removed, but the two 6-inch breech-loaders were retained throughout the war. The battery is currently derelict and completely contained within Department of National Defence fenced land and is strictly off limits to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Alexandria Canal was a canal in the United States that connected the city of Alexandria to Georgetown in the District of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>In 1830, merchants from Alexandria (which at the time was within the jurisdiction of the federal District of Columbia) proposed linking their city to Georgetown to capitalize on the new Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C&O Canal). Congress granted a charter to the Alexandria Canal Company in 1830. Construction began in 1833 and was completed in 1843.</p><br>
<p>The Aqueduct Bridge (also begun in 1833 and completed in 1843) enabled canal boats from the C&O Canal to cross the Potomac River without descending to the river level. The boats would then continue their trips downstream on a canal on the southwest side of the Potomac until they reached Alexandria&#39;s seaport.</p><br>
<p>The canal ran southwards for seven miles through today&#39;s Arlington County and City of Alexandria, Virginia, dropping 38 feet through a series of four locks between Washington Street and the Potomac River in the northern portion of Alexandria. The Canal ended at a Tidal Basin (Pool No. 1) and a Tidal Lock (Lift Lock No. 1) located at the north end of Old Town Alexandria.</p><br>
<p>The canal was abandoned in 1886. Ten years after the canal closed, an electric trolley line was constructed in 1896 in Arlington on the bed of the towpath that traveled along the canals west side (see: Washington-Mount Vernon line of the Washington, Alexandria, and Mount Vernon Electric Railway). Arlingtons S. Eads Street now approximates the canal&#39;s route in this area.</p><br>
<p>Also in 1896, the Washington Southern Railway opened a line that traveled between the south end of the Long Bridge and the south end of the Aqueduct Bridge. The line, which passed the present site of The Pentagon, traveled along the route of the former canal in the area that lies between Arlington National Cemetery and the Potomac River. The line became in 1904 the Rosslyn Connecting Railroad, which the Pennsylvania Railroad owned through a subsidiary, the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad (PB&W).(1) (2) (3) (4)</p><br>
<p>The Rosslyn Connecting Railroad abandoned nearly all of its line in 1962 and closed in 1969. The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority then constructed an open section of Metrorails Blue Line along part of the railroads former route. Also partially following the canal&#39;s earlier route, that section of the Blue Line opened on July 1, 1997.</p><br>
<p>After the Key Bridge was completed in 1923, the old superstructure of the Aqueduct Bridge was removed. During the 1980s, Alexandria City archaeologists and the developer of the neighboring Trans-Potomac Canal Center excavated the Tidal Basin and Lock and covered the original remnants with a reconstruction. Aside from these two features, the abutments of the Aqueduct Bridge in Georgetown and Rosslyn, and a pier of the bridge in the Potomac River upstream of the Key Bridge, all of the canal&#39;s remnants have either been removed or remain underground.</p><br>
<p>Lake Iznik  is a lake in the Province of Bursa, Turkey. It is around 32 km in length and 10 km in width with a maximum depth of about 80 m. The town of Iznik  lies at its eastern end. The lakes Ancient Greek name was Askania&#39;, .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In Greek mythology, during the Trojan War the region by the Lake İznik was held by the Phrygians, who sent troops to the aid of King Priam, led by the brothers Phorcys and Ascanius, sons of Aretaon as related in the Iliad.</p><br>
<p>Ascanius, son of Aretaon, should not be confused with Ascanius (son of Aeneas) or Ascanius (son of Priam), who also feature in legends of the Trojan War.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, the region was known for rice production.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, during aerial photography to survey the local monuments, the remains of an underwater Byzantine basilica -possibly erected in the 4th century- were identified, a discovery which was named one of the top 10 discoveries by the Archeological Institute of America. The basilica was dedicated to St. Neophytos of Nicaea and it is thought that the effects of an earthquake which took place in A.D. 740 provoked its collapse. Plans are on the way to establish an underwater museum.</p><br>
<h2>Important Bird Area</h2><br>
<p>The lake, which is in unprotected status, was declared by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area in 1989 for its waterfowl species, which are threatened through development of İznik as recreational center and pollution.</p><br>
<p>The Mexican War Streets, originally known as the "Buena Vista Tract", is a historic district in the Central Northside neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The district is densely filled with beautifully restored row houses, community gardens and tree-lined streets and alleyways. The area dates back to around the time of the Mexican–American War, and consists largely of row houses, mostly Victorian-era.</p><br>
<p>The Mexican War Streets Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. In that year, the listing was a 27 acre area and there were 119 buildings deemed to contribute to the historic character of the district. In 2008, the district&#39;s listing was increased to include an additional 288 contributing buildings over a 25.7 acre area.</p><br>
<p>Three entities associated with the district are Mexican War Streets Society (MWSS), the Allegheny City Central Association (ACCA) and Brighton Place Preservation Coalition (BPPC).</p><br>
<h2>Brief history</h2><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, Allegheny, Pennsylvania (later annexed by Pittsburgh), became known for its stately homes, occupied by some of the area&#39;s wealthy families. One such area became known as the Mexican War Streets. It developed from land owned by General William Robinson, Jr., ex-mayor of the city of Allegheny, who subdivided the property into streets and lots in 1847. Surveys for the development were made by Alexander Hays. A number of the streets are named after battles and generals of the Mexican–American War, including Buena Vista Street, Monterey Street, Palo Alto Street, Resaca Place, Sherman Avenue, and Taylor Avenue. Fremont Street (currently Brighton Place) had been named in recognition of John C. Frémont.</p><br>
<p>The Lugomir  is a river in central Serbia, a 57 km-long right tributary to the Velika Morava river.</p><br>
<h2>Origin</h2><br>
<p>The Lugomir originates from two headstreams, the Dulenska reka and the Županjevačka reka.</p><br>
<p>The shorter headstream of Županjevačka reka (Cyrillic: Жупањевачка река) originates from the mountain of Gledićke planine in southern Šumadija region of central Serbia. Its spring is just some 500 m away from the source of Lugomirs another headstream, the Dulenska reka. The river first flows to the east, next to the villages of Nadrlje, Županjevac, Dragovo and Belušić. At this point, the Županjevačka reka reaches the Juhor mountain, turns north along the Juhors western slopes, and after the village of Beočić meets the Dulenska reka.</p><br>
<p>The longer headstream of Dulenska reka (37,5 km; Cyrillic: Дуленска река) also originates from the mountain of Gledićke planine at an altitude of 793 m (Gomila peak), but flows northward. At the village of Dulene the river is dammed by the temporary (but still functioning) 7-meter high filled dam in 1964. The artificial lake Dulene (Dulensko jezero; Cyrillic: Дуленско језеро) is created, with an altitude of 435 m, a tunnel was dug through the Gledićke planine and pipeline with pumps set to take water out into another artificial lake of Grošnica which is used for the supplying of the city of Kragujevac with water.</p><br>
<p>The river turns east, receives the Pčelička reka from the left at the village of Velike Pčelice and flows through the small town and municipal seat of Rekovac where it turns south. At the villages of Tečić, Vukmanovac and Loćika, the Dulenska reka formes a small arc and turns northward in the narrow valley on the western slopes of the Juhor mountain, where it meets the Županjevačka reka at the village of Dragoševac.</p><br>
<h2>Lugomir</h2><br>
<p>The Lugomir proper is 19,5 km long. The river continues the northeast direction of the Dulenska reka, along the western side of the Juhor, and enters the region of Veliko Pomoravlje. It flows through the villages of Kolare, Bresje and Majur and the southern outskirts of the town of Jagodina. After it is crossed by the Belgrade-Niš highway, the Lugomir empties into the Velika Morava near the village of Ribari.</p><br>
<p>The Lugomir drains an area of 447 km², belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin and it is not navigable.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The American Precision Museum is located in the renovated 1846 Robbins & Lawrence factory on South Main Street in Windsor, Vermont. The building is said to be the first USA factory at which precision interchangeable parts were made, giving birth to the precision machine tool industry. In recognition of this history, the building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1966.</p><br>
<p>A "machine tool" is a machine which makes parts to other machines, such as screws or gun stocks, generally without a skilled craftsman doing the precision work. Instead, a machine operator controls the machine as it does the precision work. Lathes, milling machines, and drill presses are precision machine tools. The museum has the largest collection of historically significant machine tools in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The museum is open daily from 10am until 5pm from Memorial Day Weekend through October.</p><br>
<h2>History and importance</h2><br>
<p>Richard S. Lawrence, a brilliant mechanic, moved to Windsor in 1838 at age 21 and started making guns in the Windsor Prison. He joined N. Kendall, who had a gun-making shop, and together started a new company. Four years later businessman Samuel E. Robbins came to Windsor and, with Lawrence and Kendall, procured a government contract to produce 10,000 guns. Over the next eight years, the factory was built and machines to make precision parts were made. Those early machines made parts precise enough to be interchangeable, the first achievement of that long-term goal. Later, Lawrence bought out Kendall.</p><br>
<p>There are two reasons that Robbins & Lawrence can be considered as founders of the precision tool industry. In 1851, Robbins and Lawrence traveled to London to demonstrate their rifles at the Great Exhibition, held in London’s Crystal Palace. The rifles were made in Windsor using interchangeable parts. They won a medal and so impressed the British Army that they placed an order for 25,000 rifles for the Crimean War and also ordered 141 of the Robbins & Lawrence metal-working machines making the firm the first large-scale exporter of machine tools. Thus began the “American System” for producing interchangeable parts which accelerated the development of the precision tool-making industry that followed rapidly.</p><br>
<p>The second reason Robbins & Lawrence can be credited with the birth of the precision tool industry is the number of people who were employed at the factory that went on to work at, or found, other companies. J.W. Roe produced a "Genealogy of the Robbins & Lawrence Shop" which is reproduced here, with permission, from Lindsay Publications. With the development of interchangeable parts, machines of all sorts could be made in large numbers and sold more cheaply. The manufacture of sewing machines, typewriters, bicycles, engines and cars soon followed. Precision machine tools which makes standardized parts make the mechanical equipment of our modern world.</p><br>
<h2>Current exhibit</h2><br>
<p>The Civil War Sesquicentennial at the American Precision Museum: In 2012, the museum opened two new exhibitions commemorating the 150th anniversary of the USA Civil War, which will be at the museum through the 2014 season.</p><br>
<p>Full Duty: The Civil War Collection of Howard Coffin presents the first-ever exhibition from the private collection of Vermont&#39;s foremost Civil War historian and author. Featuring letters, diaries, photographs, maps, paintings, and newspapers, the exhibition explores the day-to-day life of Vermont soldiers in camp and on the battlefield. These artifacts and images explore how the actions and decisions of ordinary people can have an enormous impact on historic events.</p><br>
<p>Arming the Union: Gunmakers in Windsor, Vermont uncovers the influence of a little-known factory called Lamson, Goodnow & Yale. Operating out of the old Robbins & Lawrence armory in Windsor, the machine tool firm played a critical role in outfitting the Union Army. Altogether, the North produced more than 1.5 million rifles in the span of about three years, along with tens of thousands of pistols and carbines. The majority of those weapons were made using machinery designed and produced in Windsor. Arming the Union tells the story of the men and machines that made possible the production of guns on such a massive scale—the story of the technological achievement that saved the Union.</p><br>
<p>The two stories also overlap—and not simply because Vermont soldiers, like most in the Union Army, carried weapons produced on Vermont-made machinery. Half a dozen young men actually worked in the Windsor armory before shouldering rifles and heading off to war. Both exhibits are set inside the actual nineteenth-century factory building where the gunmaking machinery was perfected and built and where 50,000 Special Model 1861 rifle muskets were also produced by Lamson, Goodnow & Yale. Together these two exhibitions present a rarely seen view of Vermont&#39;s role in the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Inishmurray is an uninhabited island situated 7 km off the coast of County Sligo, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island covers.9 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Inishmurray may be named after the early saint, Muiredach mac Echdach (fl. early 6th century) of Killala.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There are remains of an early Irish monastic settlement. Laisrén (Saint Molaise) Mac Decláin reputedly founded a monastery here in the 6th century. He was confessor of Saint Columba (Colmcille) after the Battle of Cúl Dreimhne on the mainland nearby. His feast day is the 12 August.</p><br>
<p>The island&#39;s ecclesiastical settlement was attacked in 807 by the Vikings.</p><br>
<h3>Monastery</h3><br>
<p>The enclosure wall is impressive - reaching 4.5 m in height at its highest point and up to 3 m thick. The site contains various ecclesiastical buildings including enclosures, a stone-roofed oratory, two churches, a clochan, a large beehive-shaped cell, a holy well and other remains including cross slabs suggesting foreign influences. The whole complex is composed of what is probably local sandstone rubble.</p><br>
<h3>Recent history</h3><br>
<p>The local population peaked at just over 100 in the 1880s but the last residents moved out to the mainland on 12 November 1948. Some of the buildings are still visible including 15 houses and the island&#39;s school.</p><br>
<p>The site remained a pilgrimage destination right up to recent times.</p><br>
<p>The Budovar  is a river in northern Serbia, a 52 km-long right tributary to the Danube in the Srem region of the Vojvodina province.</p><br>
<p>The Budovar is a system of natural and channeled water flow of Patka-Budovar. It originates from the eastern slopes of the Fruška Gora mountain, near the village of Čortanovci as the Patka (Cyrillic: Патка) at an altitude of 215 m. The river flows to the southeast, through the village of Beška, where it is crossed by the Belgrade-Novi Sad highway. After it receives the smaller stream from the left near the village of Krčedin, the river is known as the Budovar. The river turns south and flows parallel to the highway, next to the village of Novi Karlovci, before it empties into the Danube at the village of Stari Banovci.</p><br>
<p>The Budovar belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin and it is not navigable.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Savage Mill is a historic cotton mill complex in Savage, Maryland, which has been turned into a complex of shops and restaurants. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is located in the Savage Mill Historic District. Buildings in the complex date from 1822 to 1916.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The mill property is part of a land grant named Ridgeleys Forest, surveyed on June 3, 1685 by Colonel Henry Ridgley, a future justice of the peace for Anne Arundel who arrived in the colonies in 1659. The property was occupied by Alexander Warfields (1677-1745) son who transferred it to his cousin, Alexander Warfield (of John) (1704-1740). In 1750, Alexander constructed an early mill along the river at the falls and passed it along to his sons Brice Warfield and John Worthington. The mill was not run profitably and was sold to Francis Simpson (1721-1804) along with portions of "Warfields Range" along the Little Patuxent in 1760. Simpson acquired several local plantation properties and was noted in the 1790 and 1800 Anne Arundel County Census having 16-17 slaves working for him by 1800.</p><br>
<h2>The cotton mill</h2><br>
<p>Commodore Joshua Barney had a colorful career as a sailor, merchant and privateer ranging from Philadelphia harbor to Jamaica. He acquired the land we know as Savage when it was still part of Anne Arundel county, referencing it in letters as being at "Elkridge" (The name the nearest port at Elkridge Landing). In 1809, Nathaniel F. Williams (1782-1864) married Caroline Barney, daughter of Joshua Barney, who lived at the Commodore Joshua Barney House built in 1760.</p><br>
<p>The mill was started next to the Barney house in 1810 by brothers Nathanael F. Williams, Amos Adams Williams (1776-), Cumberland Dugan Williams (1781-) and George Williams (1778-). Shortly after starting the enterprise, Joshua Barney and Nathaniel Williams participated in the War of 1812, with Nathanial becoming wounded at the Battle of North Point and Barney wounded at the Battle of Bladensburg. A close family association to the founders of Savage and Dugan is evident in Cumberland Dugan Williams naming. Savage financed the Williams brothers the money to start the business and bought the mill outright in 1823 for $6,667.67. James E. P. Boulden</p><br>
<p>In December 1821 the mill was chartered as the Savage Manufacturing Company. The main product was cotton duck, used for sailcloth and a wide variety of other uses. In March 26, 1824, $12,000 was loaned from the Bank of Baltimore to expand operations. The mill had established itself early on as a premier site of manufacturing product and machinery for the east coast as noted in a 1825 letter from Daniel Lammott to E.I. Du Pont stating "it would be the best and largest establishment in the country." Most workers were women who were on lockdown throughout their shifts posing a risk of certain peril if a fire broke out. A messenger would deliver notes if communications were needed or they could speak through a small window in the locked door.</p><br>
<p>By 1829 Amos Williams combined "Whites Contrivance", "Brothers In Partnership", and "Williams Discovery" to expand the mill town to 980 acres. The parcel was named "Conclusion", which was joined with Charles Alexander Warfields "Wincopin Neck" upstream to form a dam on the Little Patuxent River, which runs adjacent to the mill property. Money was loaned to by additional land from Mrs. Dorsey. Amos managed the company at the time from an office in Baltimore on Calvert street just West of Lexington. In 1831, Mr. Hack, a machinist at the mill developed a machine for reeling and twisting silk that was taken to Washington for a patent The same year, a case of Small Pox struck at least 30 persons. In October 1832, Amos Williams moved to the mill site with a salary of $300 a year to entertain business clients. By this time the cotton mill site had a grist mill, saw mill, machine shop, foundry, blacksmith shop, wheelwright shop, brick-making facility, farm, rental houses and company store. That year, Joseph Bancroft used parts manufactured by the mill to establish a mill in Rockdale, Pennsylvania. In 1835 the post office moved from Waterloo to Savage Factory. In 1837, a furnace purchased for $8,000 operated on the mill property but managed separately by Amos A Williams, Cumberland Dugan Williams and Thomas Landsdale. After a drought in June 1836, the company decided to operate a lower cost wagon path to connect to the new B&O railroad and a portion of the Thomas Snowdens property on the Hammond Branch was added to divert water. The same year the company provided slabbing engines, turning lathes and gear cutters to the Harpers Ferry Armory, location John Browns raid on Harpers Ferry. From 1836 to 1843, The Savage Manufacturing Company started its own currency with scrip amounts of 25 cents, 50 cents and one dollar. On June 6, 1839 Amos A. Williams resigned due to a sickness that would last until 1844, leaving control of the company to his brother Cumberland Dugan Williams. During his sickness, the company developed "Baldwins Cotton, Hay and Tobacco press which was manufactured onsite for sales in the Southern states and the Rechm planing machine. Additional land was purchased by the mill on November 28, 1843, for $4,755 that included property from Mr. Lambert and William Worthington for firewood and ore for the furnace operations. In 1846, The Savage Manufacturing Company sold existing or manufactured looms and steam power engines for the Powhatan Company in Baltimore. In 1848, Amos A. Williams entered ligation against the Savage Manufacturing Company and his brothers George, Cumberland and Nathanial claiming they tried to force him into poverty from indebtedness during his illness.</p><br>
<p>The mill had a good source of water power, but the river was unnavigable for delivery. Horses and mules were used to deliver the product to market. In March 1835 the Savage Railroad Company was incorporated by Amos and Cumberland Williams and other investors with $15,000 in stock to bring a rail spur to the mill off the Patuxent branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and in the 1870s a Bollman Truss Bridge was moved to the spur. This bridge survives and is the only one of its kind left.</p><br>
<p>In 1859, William Henry Baldwin Jr. (1821- ) of the Talbot Jones Co. (Woodward Baldwin & Co.) took over operations as the Savage Manufacturing Company, purchasing the land and factory for $42,000. From 1861 to 1862 the mill closed due to lack of raw cotton from the Southern states during the civil war. The mill was managed by William Henrys son Carroll Baldwin from 1905 to 1918 merging with the New York-based Baldwin, Leslie and Company. In 1918 the company was renamed Leslie Evans and Company after Baldwins death. Harry M. Leslie (1880-1945) managed the Savage Mill, the Hart Cotton Mill of Tarboro, North Carolina, Postex Cotton Mills of Post, Texas and Clinchfield Manufacturing Company of Marion, North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Workers from the factory worked 6 days a week in 10 hours shifts and were issued company scrip in various denominations that were usable in the only store in the village on Commerce street that was also owned by the company.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, steam engines were installed. In 1911 The Savage Manufacturing Company Patented a process for drying paper using its cotton duck product. Notable factory workers at the mill included Horatio Gamrbill of Druid Mills, David Carroll of Mt. Vernon Mills, and Baltimore mayor Samuel Hinks.</p><br>
<p>In February 1928 in the lull in operations between World War I and World War II, the B&O discontinued its Patuxent rail spur service upstream to the quarries at Guilford, Maryland, leaving Savage at the end of the line. In 1939, Savage still operated as a "company town" under less progressive standards, with the Savage Manufacturing Company stipulating that land it considered donating to the county for a school never be sold for use by an African American, another business, or sales of wine or spirits.</p><br>
<p>Throughout World War II the mill produced heavy duck for canvas, hoses, refining and sails and community power from the waterwheel. The demand for canvas dropped considerably after the war, and the mill was scheduled to be shut down 1 January 1948. At time the 400 acre complex employed 372, consisted of twelve industrial buildings and 98 houses owned and rented by the mill. All though there were early records of using African American apprentices prior to the civil war, the mill remained segregated through most of its industrial history.</p><br>
<p>The oldest remaining mill structure is the stone carding and spinning building, probably built between 1816 and 1823. The mill was expanded by the Baldwins before 1881, and that expansion included the brick tower with Romanesque overtones. Other buildings include the weaving shed, preparation area, paymaster&#39;s office, and several early-20th century warehouses and power plants.</p><br>
<h2>The Christmas village</h2><br>
<p>After the mill closed it was bought by Harry Heim for $450,000 who converted it into Santa Novelties, manufacturing Christmas ornaments, featuring a Christmas Display Village named "Santa Heim" (Santa&#39;s Home) which opened in December 1948. It featured live reindeer, a one ring circus, and a miniature train which carried guests to the mill from a parking lot on USA Route 1. A turreted castle was built at the corner of route one and Gorman road. The Carol Baldwin Hall was used for sales of Christmas products. Several picket fenced homes along the tree-lined Baltimore Avenue were demolished for the operation.</p><br>
<p>Production included 65 million Christmas tree globes produced onsite with 400 workers.</p><br>
<p>This business was relatively short lived. Efforts to rename the town to Santa Heim did not go through, as did the plan for a hotel and artificial lake with a waterfall. In 1950 the mill was purchased by Albert Winer and his brothers Samuel, Hyman, and Ephraim who used for warehousing by the National Store Fixture Company.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation</h2><br>
<p>In 1975, Winer unsuccessfully attempted to rezone the mill property from industrial to business while starting a restoration attempt. The initial restoration was completed by September 1981. In 1985 Albert Winer&#39;s son Jay Winer founded Savage Limited Partnership and reopened the mill as a collection of restaurants, specialty shops, and antique dealers. In 1991, The State of Maryland and Howard County loaned Savage Mill Limited Partnership $900,000. The partnership declared bankruptcy in 1994. This has been expanded over the years to encompass five of the larger buildings in the complex. In 2010, tourism numbers for the mill surpassed one million. A series of zip lines and rope obstacles along the mill race. In 2015 The mill drew regional publicity after the owner of Rams Head was convicted for videotaping women in a bathroom.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivision</h2><br>
<p>In 2013, the Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning issued a comprehensive zoning update that included zoning changes to allow density increases for the "Savage remainder" property. The five acre plateau of woodland with steep drops to the Patuxent on two sides that was not purchased by the county as part of Savage Park. Buzzutto homes proposed a housing project called the Settlement at Savage Mills which included significant grading changes and donations of land by the parks department to the developer to maximize density which was opposed by a referendum attempt. The 7000-person referendum attempt was suppressed by the landowners attorney, William Erskine, who sits on the economic development agency as well as the same law firm as County Executive Ken Ulmans father.</p><br>
<p>Lake Bernard Frank , is a 54 acre reservoir on the North Branch of Rock Creek in Derwood, Maryland, USA, just east of Rockville. It is named after Bernard Frank, a wilderness activist and a co-founder of The Wilderness Society. The lake&#39;s boundaries are, approximately, Route 28, East Gude Drive, Avery Road, and Muncaster Mill Road. Lake Frank was created in 1966 to aid in flood and sediment control, as well as to provide recreation. It has an earthen dam, installed in 1967, on its southern side. It was created as a sister lake to Lake Needwood. Lake Frank is owned by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission .</p><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s secluded location within is another of its assets. Visitors to the lake must bike or walk about 1/4 of a mile from all parking lots to get to the lakeshore. The Lake Frank & Meadowside Trails surround the lake, making it a favorite hiking spot. Also, locals enjoy fishing from the shoreline, though a license is needed to do so. However, swimming, boating, and ice skating are prohibited.</p><br>
<p>The main trail around Lake Frank, the Lakeside Trail, is a 3 mile long loop. Approximately 2/3 of the trail is unpaved and traverses the woods surrounding the lake. The other part of the trail is wider and paved. At the approximate half-way point of the trail, there is a creek that must be crossed. Though there are a group of rocks which form a bridge-like path across, the creek may be unpassable for some depending on the water level.</p><br>
<h2>Water Quality</h2><br>
<p>Recently, pollution of the lake has been slowing, in contrast to previous years. In 1998, the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) identified Lake Frank as "impaired by nutrients" on its list of impaired surface waters. Eutrophic conditions in the lake were described at that time, evidenced by excessive algal growth and low dissolved oxygen levels. In 2002, MDE prepared a report based on more recent monitoring data which indicated improved conditions. The 2002 report proposed that the lake be removed from the impairment listing.</p><br>
<p>Little Wakatomika Creek is a stream which flows through Coshocton and Muskingum Counties in Ohio. The stream originates north of Tunnel Hill in Coshocton County and flows south through the villages of Tunnel Hill and Wakatomika before entering Muskingum County. Here, it empties into Wakatomika Creek just west of the village of Trinway, near the intersection of State Routes 60 and 16. The stream is part of the Mississippi River catchment via Wakatomika Creek, the Muskingum River, and the Ohio River.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>*Mouth: Confluence with Wakatomika Creek, Muskingum County at</p><br>
<p>*Source: Coshocton County at</p><br>
<h2>Alternate names</h2><br>
<p>The spelling has varied over the years, with spellings including, Wakatomaka, Wakatomia, and Tomaka.</p><br>
<p>In addition, Little Wakatomika Creek specifically is referred to as Paddy&#39;s Fork of Wakatomaka Creek on a map of Muskingum County from the 1830s, and as Paddy Run in an early history of Coshocton County.</p><br>
<p>The Cauberg is a hill in Valkenburg aan de Geul, a town in the southern part of the Netherlands. The hill played an important role in the early development of tourism in Valkenburg. Today, several major tourist attractions are situated on or nearby Cauberg. The hill&#39;s fame is mainly due to the many cycling races and championships that were held here. The length of the climb is around 1200 m, with a maximum grade of 12%.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first part of the word Cauberg may be derived from the Celtic word kadeir, meaning height or hill. Berg is a Germanic word meaning hill or mount as well. Perhaps the family names Cauberghs and Van Caldenborgh are related to Cauberg. Previously the name of the hill was also spelled Couberg. Although the road via Cauberg formed the shortest connection between Valkenburg and Maastricht, in former ages most unmotorized traffic due to the steepness of the hill followed the longer but much more level route along the Geul river. The road was paved with cobblestones only in 1934; in 1969 the cobblestone surface was replaced by asphalt.</p><br>
<p>On 29 September 1954 a serious accident happened on Cauberg when the driver of a Belgian coach lost control over his vehicle after a malfunction of the brakes. The coach, which had a group of miners from the Liège area on board, who had been on an outing to Valkenburg zoo, rushed down the hill, crashed into a limestone monument at the bottom of the hill and then drove into the gable of a hotel on Grendelplein. 18 passengers and a bystander lost their lives.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century Valkenburg developed as an early tourist destination in the Netherlands. Cauberg, with its limestone quarries, played an important role in this. Dutch architect Pierre Cuypers, who lived in Valkenburg for some years, helped design Rotspark (Rocky Park) on the northeastern slope of Cauberg, which featured a viewing tower (1898, demolished) and an open-air theater (1916). After the Second World War a zoo and an aquarium grotto were added to this. In the 1960s and 70s, Valkenburg became very popular with teenage tourists. On top of Cauberg, Europacamping became one of the largest camping sites in the country, with mostly youthful campers. Nearby on Cauberg was a racing circuit for kart racing (skelterbaan). The area was redeveloped in the 1980s and now features a holiday village, a spa center and a casino.</p><br>
<h2>Sights</h2><br>
<p>The foot of Cauberg hill is situated almost in the center of Valkenburg, outside the medieval city gate of Grendelpoort. At the bottom of the hill is one of Valkenburg&#39;s main visitor attractions, Gemeentegrot, an abandoned chalk quarry offering guided tours through a labyrinth of man-made caves which include an underground lake, limestone sculptures of prehistoric animals and charcoal drawings depicting local history scenes. Higher up the hill is a Lourdes grotto, a 1926 copy of the original grotto at Lourdes with an open air chapel. Only a few yards further up the hill stands a memorial chapel with a carillon, commemorating the Limburgian members of the Dutch resistance that were killed during World War II. Opposite lies a leafy hill cemetery, that features terraced graves, unique in the Netherlands, as well as a Gothic revival graveyard chapel and some limestone mausoleums, one of which was designed by Pierre Cuypers. Halfway up the hill is situated Thermae 2000, a spa facility in a pyramidal building that opened in 1989. On the other side of the road, amidst an extension of Rotspark, is a branch of Holland Casino in a modern building with an imposing view of the town and the Geul valley. On top of the hill, close to the village of Vilt, is a Landal holiday village, built in a postmodern style to resemble a typical Limburg village, as well as a castle site.</p><br>
<h2>Road cycling</h2><br>
<p>The Amstel Gold Race had its finish on or within a few kilometres of the Cauberg from 2003 to 2016.</p><br>
<p>The Cauberg has been included in many other Dutch cycling races such as Eneco Tour, Ster ZLM Toer, Olympia&#39;s Tour and Dutch National Road Racing Championships.</p><br>
<p>Three Grand-Tours have included Cauberg in their route: the 1992 Tour de France (7th stage), the 2006 Tour de France (3rd stage) and the 2009 Vuelta a España (4th stage).</p><br>
<p>The UCI Road World Championships has included the Cauberg five times (1938, 1948, 1979, 1998 and 2012 UCI Road World Championships).</p><br>
<h2>Other sports</h2><br>
<p>Since 2011 a cyclo-cross race has been held on and around Cauberg and the 2018 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships will he held on Cauberg. Also, in 2011 and 2012 Red Bull organized a Crashed Ice event on the slopes of Cauberg.</p><br>
<p>Crnoljeva  is a mountain in central Kosovo, dividing its two main geographical regions, the Kosovo Plain and Metohija. Crnoljeva is also a point where all three drainage basins of Serbia  meet, making the mountain a major hydrographic knot. In Albanian it is named after the village of Carraleva.</p><br>
<p>Crnoljeva is located in the south-central part of Kosovo, between the valleys of the rivers Drenica (to the east) and Miruša and Topluga (to the west). The mountain is elongated in the north-south direction and divides the Prizren depression of the Metohija from the Drenica region of the Kosovo Plain. The highest peak is Topila (1,177 m), while the Drmanska glava peak (926 m) is point of the hydrographic knot. Another prominent peak is the Korenik (1,142 m).</p><br>
<p>Crnoljeva is rich in ores, most notably the chromium, magnesite and coal. Right through the middle of the mountain goes the regional Uroševac-Prizren road, using the natural route of the Crnoljeva reka river valley.</p><br>
<p>Some rivers originating from the mountain are:</p><br>
<p>* Drenica, Topila and Crnoljeva reka; through the Sitnica they drain the area into the Black Sea;</p><br>
<p>* Nerodimka; through the Lepenac it drains the area into the Aegean Sea;</p><br>
<p>* Banja, Miruša and Topluga; through the White Drin they drain the area into the Adriatic Sea;</p><br>
<p>Larger settlements around the Crnoljeva are Štimlje (east), Suva Reka, Blace, Banja, Mališevo (west), Lapušnik, Komorane (north) and Carraleva (east).</p><br>
<p>The Kubršnica  is a river in Šumadija region of central Serbia, a 42 km-long left and the longest tributary to the Jasenica river.</p><br>
<p>The Kubršnica originates from the Venčac mountain, in the Jasenica sub-region of Šumadija, in the wider area of the town of Aranđelovac. The terrain in the source area of the river is rich in marble and fireclay. The river flows to the east, next to the Aranđelovac&#39;s suburb of Banja and turns north near Topola.</p><br>
<p>After the villages of Krćevac and Zagorica, the Kubršnica receives from the left its major tributary, the Veliki Lug, near the village of Ratari and enters the eastern half of the Veliko Pomoravlje as it turns to the east again. After it passes next to the village of Glibovac and the town of Smederevska Palanka, it empties into the Jasenica river.</p><br>
<p>The eastern river valley is a natural route for the section of the Belgrade-Niš railroad, while the Belgrade-Kragujevac road passes through the western part. The Kubršnica belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin, drains and area of 709 km² itself, and it is not navigable. The lower parts of the flow are regulated to prevent floods during rainy years, but not to greater effect.</p><br>
